| Lotus is one of the important aquatic cash crops in China,combining ornamental,food and medicine.It has a long history of cultivation in China,with its cultivation history dating back to 3,000 years ago.There are three main types of lotus species grown in China: flower lotus,seed lotus and root lotus.Lotus cultivation industry is the pillar industry of poverty alleviation in Guangchang County,Jiangxi Province.With the continuous development of the lotus industry in Jiangxi in recent years,the number of lotus strains has gradually increased.This has led to scattered planting areas,mixed and numerous lotus germplasm resources in the lotus cultivation process.The quality of lotus seeds has also emerged one after another,which seriously affects the economic income of lotus farmers who make a living from it.Therefore,classifying the lotus germplasm resources for traits,distinguishing the origin of different lotus germplasm resources and analyzing the quality traits of different resources are the main research directions of this study.1、From 2020 to 2023,we have been using the criteria of the new lotus germplasm resources registration form to record the number of harvested puffs,the number of solid grains per puff,the number of empty grains,the number of hearts per puff,the fresh lotus grain weight,the lotus seed fructification rate,the dry lotus grain weight,the fresh lotus yield,the fresh lotus shell processing rate,the yield of through-core lotus,the longitudinal diameter of dry lotus seeds,the transverse diameter of dry lotus seeds,the length of dry lotus cores,the net weight of dry lotus cores and the lotus seed grain index for different lotus germplasm resources about lotus phenotypic traits.Cluster analysis revealed that the coefficient of variation of the 15 phenotypic traits ranged from 4.79% to 51.46%,with an average of 21.47%.The largest coefficients of variation were for through-core lotus yield and number of empty grains,as through-core lotus yield was highly significantly and positively correlated with the number of harvested puffs,number of solid grains per puff,fructification rate,dry lotus grain weight,and fresh lotus yield,while it was highly and negatively correlated with lotus seed grain index.Therefore,when selecting seeds with the goal of high yield,the number of lotus seeds,fruiting rate,lotus seed grain weight,and small lotus seed grain index are selected as important considerations.The comprehensive analysis of principal components revealed that “Longjiangye lotus”,“Guangchang hybrid 1 lotus”,“Jianxuan 31”,“Jianxuan 17” and “Mantianxing” had the highest combined scores and could be used as high-yielding and high-quality germplasm resources for future selection and breeding of cotyledons.The phenotypic traits varied significantly among different lotus germplasm resources with rich phenotypic diversity.2、The biochemical content of 22 physiological indicators,including protein content,nitrogen content,moisture content,total starch content,branched-chain starch content,straight-chain starch content and 16 kinds of amino acid content,were measured in 44 lotus varieties.The moisture measurements of these 44 lotus species ranged from 4.72% to 7.51%.The species with higher moisture content were selected as “Xueli Red” and “Taikong 58lotus”.The protein content was measured in the range of 21.10% to 27.24%,and the nitrogen content was measured in the range of 3.38% to 4.36%.The varieties with higher protein content and nitrogen content were selected as “Jianxuan 21” and “Xi’an Red lotus”.The measurement range of total starch content was from 46.62% to 68.11%,the content of straight chain starch was from 16.34% to 23.49%,and the content of branched chain starch was from 28.11% to 48.83%.The varieties with higher total starch content include “Gan 62 lotus ” and “Longjiangye lotus”.The ones with the highest straight chain-starch content are“Taikong 3 lotus” and “Guangchangbai Flower Lotus”.The highest branched chain-starch content was found in “Gan 62 lotus” and “Longjiangye lotus”.The ones with higher amino acid content are “Tuxuan lotus” and “Gan 62 lotus”.Through the comprehensive analysis of principal components,we can get the germplasm resources with high comprehensive score,such as “Xuan 5 lotus”,“Longjiangye lotus”,“Taikong 58 lotus”,“Red lotus”,“Gan62 lotus” and “Tuxuan lotus”,which have good quality and high nutritional value,and can be used as the preferred parent of hybrid mating group in the future.3、Use of EST-SSR molecular marker technology for strain classification of 44 lotus germplasm resources.From 234 pairs of primers,39 pairs of primers with stable amplification and polymorphism were successfully screened.207 polymorphic bands were amplified.Cluster analysis can be performed to divide the 44 lotus germplasm resources into three major clusters,and from their genetic distances can classify varieties with similar affinities to discover the space series,and build selected series of sub-lotus varieties relatively gathered more closely.However,lotus root and lotus are longer in genetic distance.The Structure population structure and principal component analysis plots revealed that the44 lotus germplasm resources had a high degree of varietal heterozygosity.4、Comparing the cluster analysis plots of the three parts revealed that they all could cluster the 44 lotus germplasm resources into three major categories.Most of the seed lotus resources are clustered together,flowering lotus and wild lotus resources will be clustered with some of the seed lotus resources in a large category,but root lotus resources will be distant from all other resources in terms of affinity.The correlation between EST-SSR molecular marker results and yield phenotypic traits and quality traits was found to be negative using the mantel test,proving that there was no correlation between them.Through the analysis,we can screen out “Jianxuan 17”,“Taikong 58 lotus” and“Mantianxing”,which have high yield phenotypic traits and quality traits and can have a certain genetic distance,as one of the parental source.And “Jianxuan 31”,“Xuan 5 lotus”and “Gan 62 lotus” can be used as the other parental source.That will provide favorable data to support the cultivation and development of new germplasm resources of lotus. |
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