Study On The Effect Of Different Microbial Agents On The Application Of Tomato Stalk Compost Microbial Community And Products

China is a large vegetable producing country and produces a large amount of tomato stalks every year.These waste stalks aggravate environmental pollution and also cause waste of resources.High temperature aerobic composting is an effective and economically viable method for treating this type of agricultural waste.The traditional composting process has practical problems such as low temperature,long fermentation period,slow microbial metabolism,and low degradation rate of cellulose and lignin.By inoculating exogenous microbial agents,the degradation and treatment efficiency of agricultural wastes can be significantly improved,and it can reduce the cost,simplify the operation and treatment process,and avoid secondary pollution.In this experiment,tomato stalks were used as composting material and inoculated with five different microbial agents.Six treatments were set up:T1（Tomato stalk+microbial agent M1）,T2（Tomato stalk+microbial agent M2）,T3（Tomato stalk+microbial agent M3）,T4（Tomato stalk+microbial agent M4）,T5（Tomato stalk+microbial agent M5）and T6（No added bacterial agent）.The effects of inoculation with different microbial agents on material transformation in the composting process of tomato straw were explored,the composition and dynamics of bacterial and fungal communities in the composting process were analyzed,and the dominant functional microorganisms in the composting process were identified.The effects of different fermentation products as cultivation substrates on the growth,development,production and quality of tomatoes were further researched.The experiment was set up with seven treatments,Y1（T1:vermiculite=3:2）,Y2（T2:vermiculite=3:2）,Y3（T3:vermiculite=3:2）,Y4（T4:vermiculite=2:1）,Y5（T5:vermiculite=3:2）,Y6（T6:vermiculite=5:2）,and CK（conventional substrate）,respectively.Experimentation The study provided a solution for resourceful treatment of tomato stalks as a green waste.The results of the experimental study were as follows:1.The high temperature period（>55℃）lasted 21 d for T1,T2 and T5 treatments,18 d for control T6 and T3,and 13 d for T4,which met the national health standards for composting.The germination index（GI）remained low（<50%）for all treatments before composting,and T1-T6 GI was greater than 80%at the end of composting.Therefore,it can be considered that all treatments met the standard of compost decomposition.2.The total nitrogen（TN）content of each treatment was reduced to different degrees.the ammonium nitrogen（NH₄⁺-N）content of T1 was 92.3%lower than at the beginning.After inoculation,total phosphorus（TP）content in T1 increased by 270.3%,which was significantly higher than that in T6.In addition,effective phosphorus（AP）content in T1increased by 16.0%,which was significantly higher than that in T2,but there was no significant difference compared with T6.Total potassium（TK）content in T1 increased by56.6%,which was significantly higher than that in T6.The fast-acting potassium（AK）content in T1 and T3 treatments increased by 25.40%and 25.79%,respectively,which were significantly higher than the other treatments..3.The alpha data diversity index of bacteria was obviously higher than that of fungi during the composting of tomato stems.The Chao1 index and Shannon index in bacterial community increased gradually in T1,T2 and T5 treatments,and the Chao1 index in fungal community was maximum at 55 days in T1,T2 and T5 treatments,and the Shannon index was highest at the cooling stage.The T1 treatment significantly increased the abundance and diversity of bacterial communities,while T5 increased the abundance and diversity of fungal communities,improving the composition of microbial communities.Both bacteria and fungi showed significant temporal succession patterns,and the bacterial community was more aggregated in the samples,while the fungal community was relatively dispersed in the samples,indicating that inoculation had a greater effect on the fungal community.4.T1 significantly increased the abundance of Proteobacteria,Firmicutes,Actinomycetes and Bacteroides in the high temperature phase and decreased the abundance of Staphylococcus.T5 significantly increased the relative abundance of Lysobacter during the high temperature period.Ascomycetes was the absolute dominant phylum in the composting process.The abundance of Basidiomycetes increased significantly during the T2and T5 cooling phases,and the T2 and T3 treatments significantly reduced the relative abundance of pathogenic fungi.The results of redundancy analysis（RDA）and Spearman correlation analysis（Spearman）showed that cellulose（Cellulose）,AP,temperature（T）,TP,NH₄⁺-N and Nitrate nitrogen（NO₃^--N）were the six physicochemical parameters that significantly affected the structure of bacterial communities,while T and GI significantly affected the two physicochemical indicators of fungal communities5.Tomato stalk compost with different microbial agents fermented and mixed with vermiculite was used as cultivation substrate and different fermentation product extracts were used as organic nutrient solution to cultivate tomatoes.the effects of different treatments on growth,yield and quality of tomatoes were investigated to assess the comprehensive application effect of fermentation products.The data showed that there were no considerable differences in growth height,stem thickness,leaf area and relative chlorophyll content between the treatments compared to CK.The highest net photosynthetic rate（Pn）,evapotranspiration rate（Tr）and intercellular CO₂density（Ci）were observed in the Y3 treatment.Mean yield of tomato fruit per plant was not significantly different between Y3,Y4 and CK.The soluble protein content of the fruits was significantly increased in Y3,and the soluble sugar level and sugar-acid ratio were the highest among the treatments.In summary,there was no remarkable difference between T3 treatment and CK in terms of morphological index,relative chlorophyll content and yield,but increased the sugar-acid ratio and soluble sugar content of fruits and significantly increased soluble protein content.