Development Of Multi-Residue Detection Method And Dietary Risk Assessment For 43 Pesticides In Ginseng Products

Ginseng is a traditional Chinese medicine with a variety of pharmacological activities.Ginseng is also rich in polysaccharides,vitamins and amino acids,which is a good food and medicine.Because ginseng is a perennial plant,and it is easy to be attacked by diseases and pests during the growth process,the use of pesticides in the process of ginseng cultivation is essential.Long-term application of pesticides will lead to the accumulation of pesticides,and the resulting pesticide residues will harm people’s health and hinder the export of ginseng in China.Ginseng products are processed with ginseng as raw material by different methods,so there is also the problem of pesticide residues in ginseng products.Therefore,it is necessary to establish a method that can simultaneously detect multiple pesticide residues in various ginseng products on the market to supervise the quality and safety of ginseng products.In this study,a method for detecting 43 pesticide residues in dried ginseng,red ginseng,honey ginseng slices,ginseng decoction,ginseng energy drink,and ginseng wine was developed and validated.The method was used to detect the samples of 6 ginseng products on the market,and the dietary risk of 6ginseng products was evaluated according to the detection results.This study is of great significance to the quality supervision of ginseng products.1.An analytical method for the determination of 43 pesticide residues in 6 ginseng products using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(UHPLC-MS/MS)was established and validated.The extraction and purification conditions were optimized.Dried ginseng,red ginseng,honey ginseng slices,ginseng decoction,and ginseng energy drink samples were extracted with acetonitrile and purified with magnetic zirconia(Fe3O4-Zr O2).Ginseng wine samples did not require any treatment.Samples were detected by UHPLC-MS/MS.The average recoveries of 43 pesticides in dried ginseng,red ginseng,honey ginseng slices,ginseng decoction,ginseng energy drink,and ginseng wine were71%~105%,71%~109%,71%~102%,76%~115%,72%~104% and 77%~102%,respectively.And the relative standard deviations(RSDs)were 1.0%~18.9%,1.0%~18.7%,0.7%~17.2%,0.7%~14.5%,0.6%~15.6% and 1.0%~15.8%,respectively.The recoveries and RSDs of all pesticides were at the range of allowable in pesticide residue analysis.2.The analytical method established in this study was used to detect samples of dried ginseng(n=50),red ginseng(n=50),honey ginseng slices(n=20),ginseng decoction(n=20),ginseng energy drink(n=20)and ginseng wine(n=20)collected from the market in Jilin Province.18 pesticide residues were detected in dried ginseng samples,and the residues were0.010~0.276 mg/kg;and 14 pesticide residues were detected in red ginseng,and the residues ranged from 0.010 to 1.936 mg/kg.The pesticides contained in this method were not detected in other four ginseng product samples.3.Dietary risk assessment of dried ginseng and red ginseng was conducted based on sample test data.After calculation,the chronic risk quotients of pesticide residues in dried ginseng samples were between 8.0 × 10-6~1.2 × 10-3,and the acute risk quotients were between3.3 × 10-6~3.2 × 10-4;the chronic risk quotients of pesticide residues in red ginseng samples were between 7.5 × 10-6~1.8 × 10-4,and the acute risk quotients were between 6.7 × 10-6~9.3 ×10-5.All risk quotients were less than 1,indicating that the short-term and long-term risks caused by pesticide residues in dried ginseng and red ginseng were acceptable.