| In recent years,the government has put forward a series of policy to prohibit destructing cultivated land,the traditional sod industry has been forced to be collapsed,and also the exploitation of river sand has been limited due to the increased sand price.Therefore,soilless turf,which does not use soil as planting base,has emerged as a new sod production trend.It has been applicated and developed to ensure the sustainable development of turf industry.However,there were some problems in soilless turf,such as different base requirements for different grass species,unstable substrate sources and so on.The innovation and development of soilless turf production technology have important theoretical and practical value.The purpose of this study was to develop new technology innovation and new sod products to replace soil and sand sods.In this research,the hybrid bermudagrass(Cynodon transvalensis × Cynodon dactylon)with different treatments of straw grass blanket(S1),coconut grass blanket(S2),artificial and natural mixed turf(S3),thin non-woven turf(S4),thick geotextile turf(S5),vermiculite turf(CK1)and fine sand turf(CK0)were studied.The main results are as follows:(1)The growth rate of bermudagrass presented differently under different treatments.Compared with the fine sand sod,the coverage of bermudagrass increased significantly from the 10 th day to the 40 th day after the survival of vermiculite sod.In each observation period,there was no significant difference in turf coverage between artificial and natural mixed turf and straw grass blanket,which was significantly higher than that of vermiculite turf and fine sand turf;on the 25 th day,the coverage of artificial natural mixed turf was the highest,reaching 94.1%,which was significantly higher than that of other treatments,except straw grass blanket.There was no significant difference of turf coverage among mixed turf,thin non-woven turf,thick geotextile turf and vermiculite turf,which were significantly higher than fine sand turf.In terms of the effect on turf forming speed,the turf forming time of artificial natural mixed turf was the shortest(25 days,about 50% of fine sand sod),followed by straw blanket sod(27 days).The turf forming time of straw blanket turf and artificial and natural mixed sod was significantly shorter than that of non-woven sod,thick geotextile sod,sand sod and vermiculite sod.The results of the stolon extent speed showed that straw sod was significantly higher than that in all other treatments.The speed of stolon extension in artificial and natural mixed turf was significantly faster that of coconut palm mulch sod,thick geotextile sod,vermiculite sod and fine sand sod.(2)The apparent quality,physiological and ecological indexes of soilless sod was distinctive in different treatments.On the 10 th,20th and 30 th day after turfgrass survival,there was no significant difference in stem density between straw turfgrass and artificial natural mixed turfgrass,which was significantly higher than that of vermiculite sod and fine sand sod.For the number of weeds,there was no significant difference between coconut palm sod and artificial and natural mixed sod,which was significantly lower than the other four treatments except straw grass blanket sod.On the 10 th,20th,30 th and 40 th day,the color of artificial and natural mixed turf was the best,which was significantly better than that of thin non-woven sod,thick geotextile sod,fine sand sod and vermiculite sod;the color of straw grass blanket sod was significantly better than that of fine sand sod.The content of chlorophyl a in the artificial and natural mixed sod was the highest,which was not significantly different from that in the straw blanket sod,and was significantly higher than that in the other five treatments;the content of chlorophyl b in the thick geotextile turf was the highest,which was significantly higher than that in the other five treatments;the total content of chlorophyl in the artificial natural mixed turf was the highest,which was significantly higher than that in the other five treatments.The aboveground biomass of straw grass blanket sod was the highest,which was significantly higher than that of other five treatments except artificial natural mixed turf;the underground biomass of straw grass blanket sod was the significantly higher than that of thin non-woven turf,and there was no significant difference between other treatments.On the 10 th day,there was no significant difference in the turf surface temperature between straw grass blanket and coconut palm grass blanket,which was significantly lower than that of other treatments;on the 20 th day,there was no significant difference in the turf surface temperature between artificial natural and mixed sod and thick geotextile turf,which was significantly lower than that of other treatments;on the 30 th day,the turf surface temperature of fine sand sod was the highest,which was significantly higher than that of the other six treatments.(3)Effects of different treatments on the sports performance of turf.The results showed that the extension strength of artificial and natural mixed sod was 129.66 N,which was significantly higher than that of other treatments.The extension strength of coconut sod was stronger than that of straw grass blanket sod and weaker than non-woven sod,but it was significantly higher than that of fine sand sod and vermiculite sod.The maximum pressure of fine sand sod and vermiculite sod was significantly lower than that of the other five treatments,and there was no significant difference among the five treatments.The surface hardness of straw sod and coconut palm turf was higher than that of thick geotextile sod.The traction coefficient of artificial natural mixed turf was the highest,which was significantly higher than that of other treatments,and that of thick geotextile turf was the lowest,which was significantly lower than that of other treatments.The bite degree of straw grass sod and artificial natural mixed turf was not significantly different,but was significantly higher than the other three treatments.The bite degree of coconut brown grass blanket sod was significantly lower than other four treatments. |
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