Investigation On Biological Characteristics And Cultivation Techniques Of ’Xinpinghong’ Apple In Ningcheng County Of Chifeng City

Ningcheng County is located in the Yanshan Mountains in the southern part of Chifeng City,Inner Mongolia.It belongs to temperate continental monsoon climate in climate and semi-arid area in humidity.During the same period of rain and heat,the light is abundant,the frost-free period is relatively long,and the temperature difference between day and night is relatively large.Therefore,it is recognized as the best eugenic area of apple in Chifeng City.In this study,by observing and analyzing the biological characteristics of ’ Xinpinghong ’,the cultivation techniques of ’ Xinpinghong ’ in Ningcheng County were analyzed and summarized,which provided favorable technical support for the large-scale cultivation of ’ Xinpinghong ’.The main results are as follows :The tree vigor of ’ Xinpinghong ’ is moderate,the saplings grow vigorously,the branching rate is medium,the short branch rate is high,and the fruiting branch group is easy to form.The tree is more open,the crown is oval or semi-circular,and the germination rate can reach more than 76 %.The variety sprouts in late April,blossoms in early May,reaches full-bloom stage in mid-term,and starts coloring in early September.The fruit matures in late September,and the leaves fall in late November.The fruit development period is about 130 days.The leaves are oval,wavy,glossy,slightly leathery,and the back of the leaves has a villous texture.The fruit ripening surface of ’Xinpinghong ’ has a very bright color,showing the appearance of thick red intermittent stripes.The fruit shape is short conical,and the fruit shape index is 0.87.The transverse diameter is about 7.4cm,the longitudinal diameter is about 6.5cm,and the average single fruit weight is about 140 g.According to the biological characteristics of ’ Xinpinghong ’,the related cultivation techniques were analyzed and summarized.Selection of seedlings : high-quality seedlings with developed roots and full buds without diseases and pests;jianyuan : try to build a high standard garden,centralized contiguous,easy to intensive management;pruning : It is recommended to use a free spindle-shaped pruning tree or a slender pine-shaped pruning tree.In the full fruit period,the crown should be controlled to be small in the upper and large in the lower,not covered in the upper,not blocked in the front,not squeezed in the left;prevention and control of pests and diseases : mainly to prevent red spiders and other pests and diseases,the principle of prevention and eradication of the combination of disease sources;flowering pollination : the combination of insect pollination and artificial pollination;fruit bagging and bag removal : 30 days after flowering,bagging,10 days after bagging.The bag was removed about 30 days before harvest;overwintering protection : the trunk of the young tree was whitened,and the south side of the branch was evenly smeared;soil,fertilizer and water management : Deep tillage is usually used to increase soil moisture content.Reasonable fertilization,grasp the principle of accurate,suitable and uniform.Apple orchard irrigation 3-5 times a year;orchard management modes mainly include three-dimensional planting mode,planting and breeding composite mode and sightseeing orchard mode.