| Since the beginning of this century,the consumption of fossil fuels has rapidly increased.This not only leads to issues such as energy storage shortages and depletion,but also has adverse effects on the environment and climate.The countries around the world have started to adjust the structure of their energy resources.Compared to traditional fossil fuels,biomass energy is a renewable,high-quality energy source with good combustion performance and no increase in carbon emissions.Developing biomass fuels is an important means of optimizing the energy structure and addressing energy shortages.China has enormous potential for bioenergy production.However,considering factors such as food security and environmental impact,the Chinese government has explicitly emphasized non-food biomass materials as the focus of biofuel production.China has limited available land resources,non-food crops have direct or indirect competition with food crops for land.One feasible approach is to cultivate energy crops on marginal lands.The ideal bioenergy plants for marginal lands must have a long growing season,strong geographical adaptability,and tolerance to environmental stressors such as drought,salinity,and plant diseases.They should be well-suited for marginal lands.After fermentation,Jerusalem artichoke can be processed into bioethanol,known as‘green petroleum’,making it one of the most promising bioenergy crops.Moreover,Jerusalem artichoke exhibits strong resilience and adaptability,being drought-tolerant,cold-tolerant,resilient in infertile soils,and strong reproductive capabilities.They can fully adapt to marginal lands.The Research on the suitability of Jerusalem artichoke cultivation is of great significance for energy crops cultivation management and promoting the development of fuel ethanol in Shaanxi Province.This study used multiple sources of data,including land use,digital elevation model(DEM),soil,and meteorology,to extract marginal lands suitable for Jerusalem artichoke growth in Shaanxi Province from 2000 to 2020.The spatiotemporal characteristics of these lands were analyzed.The suitability of Jerusalem artichoke cultivation on marginal lands in Shaanxi Province in 2020 was evaluated using the integrated method of the multi-factor comprehensive evaluation and the Maximum Entropy Model(Max Ent).Additionally,by localizing the growth parameters of Jerusalem artichoke using the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator(APSIM),the yield and fuel ethanol potential of Jerusalem artichoke cultivation on marginal lands in Shaanxi Province were simulated.The specific results are as follows:(1)From 2000 to 2020,the area of marginal lands in Shaanxi Province remained at around 90,000 km~2 and showed an overall decreasing trend.The elevation distribution of marginal lands was mainly concentrated in the range of 1,081-1,388 m,with a gradual decrease in area as the altitude increased.Slope values were mainly concentrated in the ranges of 5-15°,15-25°,and>25°,each accounting for approximately 30%of the total area.Gentle slopes,such as 0-2°and 2-5°,accounted for a smaller proportion,representing 2.47%and8.78%of the total area,respectively.In terms of geographical distribution,marginal lands were mainly located in Yulin and Yan’an in the northern part of Shaanxi Province,and Hanzhong,Ankang,and Shangluo in the southern part,with fewer distributions in the central region.(2)The Max Ent model showed high accuracy(AUC=0.935)in simulating the potential habitat for Jerusalem artichoke in Shaanxi Province.The suitable area for Jerusalem artichoke cultivation in Shaanxi Province was 70,184.97 km~2,accounting for 76.77%of the total marginal land area.In terms of spatial distribution,Yan’an and Yulin had the largest suitable areas for Jerusalem artichoke development,accounting for 22.61%and 31.08%of the total suitable area,respectively.Tongchuan had the smallest suitable area,occupying only 2.04%of the total suitable area.Based on the comprehensive evaluation analysis using the multi-factor evaluation and Max Ent model,the suitable area for Jerusalem artichoke cultivation on marginal lands was69,189.34 km~2,accounting for 74.40%of the total marginal land area.In terms of spatial distribution,Yan’an and Yulin had the largest suitable areas,accounting for 30.60%and 34.18%of the total suitable area,respectively.Tongchuan had the smallest suitable area,occupying only 2.24%of the total suitable area in Shaanxi Province.By combining the results of the two evaluation methods,the overlapped analysis obtained a suitable area of 68,020.11 km~2 for Jerusalem artichoke cultivation on marginal lands in Shaanxi Province,accounting for 75.68%of the marginal land area.In terms of spatial distribution,the suitable area was mainly concentrated in Yan’an and Yulin,with the least suitable area in Tongchuan.According to the APSIM model,the simulated yield of Jerusalem artichoke(a type of energy crop)varies between 7,328 and 31,430 kg/ha on different types of marginal land.In terms of spatial distribution,the yield of Jerusalem artichoke decreases from north to south.The high-yield areas cover a total of 8,417 km~2,mainly concentrated in Yulin and Weinan(with Yulin having the largest high-yield area,reaching 3,808 km~2).Except for Ankang and Hanzhong,which have no high-yield areas,other cities have scattered distribution.The moderately high-yield areas are distributed in all cities,with Yulin and Weinan accounting for a total of 18,989 km~2,or 71.77%of the total moderately high-yield area.The moderately productive areas are also distributed in all cities,with Yan’an having the largest distribution area of 11,117 km~2.According to the simulation results,cultivating Jerusalem artichoke on marginal land in Shaanxi Province could yield 199.021 million tons of fresh Jerusalem artichoke.After a series of extraction processes,this could result in 32.8384 million tons of Jerusalem artichoke powder,which can be fermented to produce 26.2708 million tons of fuel ethanol.Yan’an and Yulin have the highest potential for fuel ethanol production,with 7.0091 million tons and6.757 million tons respectively,accounting for 26.68%and 25.72%of the total fuel ethanol potential.Tongchuan has the lowest potential for fuel ethanol production,with only 0.6451million tons,representing 2.45%of the total fuel ethanol potential. |
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