Effects Of Early Pregnancy On Hepatic Energy And Protein Metabolism Related Factors In Sheep

Early pregnancy is a critical period of pregnancy and embryonic development.Relevant studies in humans and mice have shown that there are certain changes in the metabolism of energy and protein in the maternal body during pregnancy,which improves the utilization of nutrients,and the liver plays an important role in it.However,the molecular mechanisms that regulate energy and protein metabolism in the liver during early pregnancy have not been fully elucidated.This study elucidates the impact of early pregnancy on energy and protein metabolism in sheep liver by studying the differential expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway,AMPK signaling pathway,and reproductive hormone receptors in the early pregnancy process.In this study,twenty-four sexually mature healthy small-tailed Han sheep aged 18 months were randomly divided into 4 groups(6 sheep in each group).After estrus,they were mated or unmated,the sheep were slaughtered on the 16 th day of non-pregnancy,the 13 th,16th and 25 th day of pregnancy,and the sheep liver tissues were collected for subsequent experiments,and the sheep liver tissue was collected for subsequent experiments.Real-time quantitative PCR,Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect and analyze the gene and protein expressions of two signaling pathways and reproductive hormone receptor-related signaling factors.The results show that:1.During early pregnancy,the expression of signal molecules in PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in sheep liver changes.The expressions of PI3 K,AKT1,p-mTOR,PTEN,Fox O1 and SREBP-1 were up-regulated.INSR expression did not change significantly before and after pregnancy.FXR was first down-regulated and then upregulated,and PPARα was up-regulated and then down-regulated.PI3 K and Fox O1 proteins are located in the endothelial cells of hepatic arteries,portal veins,and hepatocytes.2.The expression of signal molecules in AMPK signaling pathway was changed in the liver of early pregnancy sheep.The expressions of AMPKα,HNF-4α,PGC-1α and CREB-1 were up-regulated,SIRT1 was up-regulated and then down-regulated,and IP3 R was up-regulated.SIRT1 and CREB-1 proteins are located in the endothelial cells of hepatic arteries,portal veins,and hepatocytes.3.There are inconsistent changes in the expression of reproductive hormone receptors in the liver of early pregnancy sheep.The expressions of FSHR,ER,TRα1/α2and LHR were down-regulated.The expression of AR was up-regulated,and the expression of GHR was up-regulated and then down.GHR and LHR proteins are located in the endothelial cells of hepatic arteries,portal veins,and hepatocytes.In summary,the expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway,AMPK signaling pathway and some reproductive hormone receptors related to energy and protein metabolism were significantly changed in the liver of sheep during early pregnancy,indicating that early pregnancy has an impact on factors related to energy and protein metabolism in the liver of sheep.