The Research And Development Of Technology To Enhance Rice Yield In Yunnan During The War Of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression(1931-1945)

After the September 18 th Incident,Japan launched a large-scale war of aggression against China,and large areas of land were lost.In order to resist Japanese aggression,the Nanjing National Government moved westward,which objectively strengthened the relationship between the inland and Yunnan in the border ethnic areas,and had multiple impacts on the relationship between the central government and the border areas.Under this historical background,Yunnan,as the front and rear areas of the Anti Japanese War,was faced with such problems as the influx of more than one million refugees,the inability to import Vietnamese rice,the shortage of military grain supply in the Western Yunnan War,and the loss of agricultural labor.Therefore,both the central and local governments in Yunnan began to actively promote the research,development and promotion of rice production technology in Yunnan Province,which was a significant measure taken to develop rice resources in the border areas,maintain social stability and safeguard national unity.What’s more,it enhanced the national and ethnic identity and sense of mission of the people and sense of community of the Chinese nation of all ethnic groups in Yunnan’s border areas to unite in the War of Resistance Against Japan.Based on a study of the history of modern agricultural science and technology as well as the history of border areas,this research comprehensively and systematically studies the practice and experience enlightenment of the research,development and promotion of rice yield increasing technology in Yunnan Province during the Anti Japanese War through via analyzing valuable first-hand materials such as archives,newspapers and local documents.According to this research,in 1938,under the overall arrangement of the Nanjing National Government and the coordination of the Yunnan Provincial Government,the research and development of rice yield increasing technology in Yunnan Province was carried out,a series of agricultural research institutions were set up,professional researchers were equipped,and research and development funds were allocated.Their main research and development works included: collecting a large number of excellent rice varieties at home and abroad,conducting rice breeding and cultivation,plant protection and plant nutrition technology tests,such as rice variety verification,variety comparison,pure line separation,transplant method in transplant period,planting method comparison,pest control,fertilization,etc;organizing scientific and technical personnel from agricultural R&D institutions to guide rice farmers in winter to remove borers,compost and apply manure in Yunnan Province;subsequently,special tables were set up to demonstrate the method of breeding rice varieties to increase production,and the positive results of the above work were bred and promoted in the province.The above rice production increasing technology and promotion works in Yunnan improved the quality of rice varieties there in the middle and late period of the War of Resistance against Japan,increasing the rice yield and boosting the confidence of the people in the War of Resistance against Japan.Throughout the course and achievements of the research,although the development and promotion of rice yield increasing technology in Yunnan Province during the war was restricted by the lack of agricultural equipment,funds and scientific and technological talents,such rice growing experts as Zhou Shilu,Zhu Baochu and Jin Zhaoyuan led agricultural organizations to conduct a series of rice yield increasing technology tests with the limited funding,and obtained many excellent rice varieties,breeding techniques and cultivation methods that can be promoted.The R&D and promotion of rice production increasing technology during the War of Resistance Against Japan witnessed the patriotic feelings of rice science and technology talents,made great contributions to the development of rice farming agricultural science and technology in Yunnan Province,eased the food crisis in Yunnan Province during the war,maintained social stability in Yunnan,and was also conducive to deepening the understanding of regional rice farming history and the social development history of Yunnan during the War of Resistance Against Japan,providing useful inspiration for the development of contemporary agricultural science and technology promotion.