| The water consumption of rice under conventional flooding is two to three times that of other crops,but water shortage has always been a growing problem,and it is also the biggest factor restricting China’s agricultural development.Jointly promote the development of dry rice farming.Although Hubei Province is rich in water resources,due to the difference in the spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall,there are large differences in the annual rainfall in different regions of Hubei Province,resulting in uneven distribution of water resources in different regions.Therefore,it is of great significance to explore the yield,quality and resource utilization characteristics and benefit of rice under dry farming conditions in different ecological regions of Hubei Province,so as to solve the contradiction between water conservation and high yield and high quality in different regions,and improve the economic and social benefits of rice dry farming.From May 2022 to November 2022,this study was conducted in Xiangyang City,Wuhan City,and Jianli City,respectively.Three rice varieties were selected as research materials: Huang Huazhan(HHZ),C-Liangyouhuazhan(CLY)and Hanyou73(HY73).In Xiangyang,Wuhan and Jianli,two types of water treatment:conventional flooded irrigation and dry rice were set up.In Xiangyang and Wuhan,three types of high water drying,medium dry farming and low flood irrigation were set up respectively.This paper mainly studies the effects of different ecological regions and heights on the growth and development characteristics,yield and yield composition,rice quality,resource utilization efficiency and economic benefits of rice under dry farming.The main findings are as follows:(1)Under different ecological regions,the whole growth period in Xiangyang area was delayed by 12-20 days compared with Jianli,which significantly increased the number of stem tillers per unit area,increased the plant height and leaf area index,and increased the dry matter accumulation;At the same time,the effective panicle number increased by 5.4% and the seed setting rate increased by 8.8 %,and the actual yield in Xiangyang area increased by 4.7%compared with Jianli area,which improved the appearance quality and nutritional quality of rice,and improved resource utilization efficiency and economic benefits.Compared with Jianli area,the whole growth period in Wuhan area was delayed by 5-13 days,which significantly reduced the number of stem tillers per unit area,reduced the plant height and leaf area index,and reduced the accumulation of dry matter.At the same time,the effective panicle number and19.5% setting rate and 11.9% 1,000 grain weight were significantly reduced,and the actual output in Wuhan was significantly reduced by 25.2% compared with Jianli area,and the resource utilization efficiency and economic benefits were also significantly reduced.(2)Under different ecological regions,the actual yield of dry rice in Xiangyang area and Wuhan area decreased by 7.7% and 29.1% respectively compared with conventional flooded irrigation,but the processing quality of rice and the water use efficiency were improved,and the economic benefits were ultimately improved.The actual yield of dry rice in Jianli area was not significantly different from that of conventional flooded irrigation,but it improved the water use efficiency and ultimately improved the economic benefits.Compared with HY varieties,the HHZ variety in Xiangyang area significantly reduced the weight of 1,000 grains by 27.2%and the actual yield decreased by 10.8%,but the rice quality was improved and the economic benefits were improved.Compared with CLY varieties,there is no significant difference in yield,quality and resource utilization efficiency,which ultimately improves economic benefits.The actual yield difference of HHZ varieties compared with HY varieties under dry farming in Wuhan was not significant,but the rice quality was improved and the economic benefits were ultimately improved,while the actual yield difference was not significant compared with CLY varieties,but the economic benefits were finally reduced.The actual yield of HHZ varieties compared with HY varieties under dry rice farming in Jianli area was not significant,but the rice quality was improved and the economic benefits were improved.Compared with the CLY variety,the actual yield was significantly reduced by 12.7%,but the rice quality was improved.Finally,the utilization efficiency and economic benefit of light temperature,water and fertilizer resources were reduced.(3)In Xiangyang area,compared with Gaobang,the setting rate and actual yield of Zhongbang increased,and resource efficiency was improved but the difference was not significant,which improved the processing quality and nutritional quality of rice,and finally improved the economic benefits.The setting rate of low water increased by 4.0%,and the actual yield increased by 8.8%,which significantly improved the efficiency of light temperature and fertilizer resource utilization,but reduced the efficiency of water resource utilization,and finally reduced the economic benefits.In Wuhan,compared with Gaobang,the setting rate of Zhongbang increased significantly by 36.7%,and the actual output increased by 53.5%,and the utilization efficiency of light-temperature,water-fertilizer resources was significantly improved,and finally increased economic benefits.The setting rate and effective panicle number of low sppin increased by 34.0% and 16.2%,and the actual yield increased by 55.0%,and finally increased economic benefits.(4)Compared with HY varieties and CLY varieties,the actual yield difference between HHZ varieties and CLY varieties under high dry farming in Xiangyang area was not significant,which ultimately increased the economic benefits.Compared with HY varieties,the weight of1,000 grains in HHZ varieties was significantly reduced by 20.6% compared with that of HY varieties.The actual yield decreased by 13.0%,compared with the CLY variety with a significant decrease of 20.7%,and the actual yield decreased by 17.3%.However,the rice quality was improved and the resource utilization efficiency and economic benefit were decreased.Compared with Hy Variety,the actual yield of HHZ variety was not significantly different,and the economic benefit was reduced finally.Compared with CLY variety,the actual yield of HHZ variety was significantly lower,and the economic benefit was reduced finally Compared with Hy and CLY,HHZ significantly decreased the actual yield,and decreased the utilization efficiency and economic benefit of light,temperature,fertilizer and water resources.In summary,Xiangyang area is more suitable for the development of rice dry farming,and the application of HHZ varieties can ensure higher yield,quality,resource utilization efficiency and economic benefits under high dry farming,and HY varieties and CLY varieties can ensure higher yield,quality,resource utilization efficiency and economic benefits at the same time under medium dry farming. |
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