Effects Of Slow-Release Fertilizer On Yield,Niteogen Absorption And Utilization And Quality Of Different Gluten Wheat

In order to study the difference of yield quality and nitrogen utilization efficiency under different quality types of wheat,this paper studied the appropriate slow-release fertilizer and urea application methods of different quality types,in order to achieve high quality and efficient production of different gluten wheat varieties and provide theoretical basis.This experiment was carried out in Ezhou city,Hubei Province from2021 to 2022.The tested varieties were different quality types of wheat:Yangmai 30and Xiangmai 21（weak gluten wheat）,Xiangmai 32 and Emai 28（medium gluten wheat）,Xinong 979 and Huamai 1168（strong gluten wheat）.Five measures were set up:（1）no nitrogen application（CK,control）,（2）conventional fertilization(FFP,basal urea+topdressing urea at jointing stage,total nitrogen application rate of 187.5 kg ha^-1),（3）slow-release fertilizer once basal application(SRF40,nitrogen reduction by20%compared with conventional fertilization,total nitrogen application rate of 150kg ha^-1),（4）slow-release fertilizer basal application+topdressing urea at jointing stage(SRF30+U,nitrogen reduction by 20%compared with conventional fertilization,total nitrogen application rate of 150 kg ha^-1)and（5）slow-release fertilizer basal application+topdressing urea at jointing stage(SRF40+U,total nitrogen application rate of 187.5 kg ha^-1).The effects of different fertilization treatments on agronomic traits,grain filling characteristics,nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency,yield and quality of wheat with different gluten types were studied.The main results of this study are as follows:（1）There was no significant difference in yield and yield components between the three slow-release fertilizer treatments and conventional fertilization treatments,but the effects of different slow-release fertilizer treatments on the yield of different gluten wheat were different.Among them,SRF40 treatment performed best in two weak gluten varieties,while SRF30+U treatment had the highest yield in medium and strong gluten wheat.There was no significant difference in population number,plant height,LAI,grain filling characteristic parameters,and total dry matter accumulation between the slow-release fertilizer treatment and the conventional fertilization treatment at each key growth stage.There were differences in the SPAD values of the upper three leaves after anthesis of different varieties.In Xiangmai 32 and Xinong979,the SPAD values of flag leaves of each slow-release fertilizer treatment were higher than those of conventional fertilization treatment at about 10-25 days after anthesis.The SPAD values of the second and third leaves after anthesis were the highest in SRF30+U treatment.（2）The AE and FPP of each variety were consistent,and the SRF30+U and SRF40 treatments were higher than the SRF40+U and FFP treatments.The response of RE values of different varieties to different fertilization treatments was quite different.Among them,Yangmai 30 and Emai 28 had the highest RE value under SRF30+U treatment,Xiangmai 21,Xiangmai 32 and Xinong 979 had the highest RE value under SRF40 fertilization condition,while Huamai 1168 had the same RE value under each fertilization treatment.The NHI of each variety increased significantly under nitrogen application conditions,but the difference between nitrogen treatments was small.The average NHI of the four nitrogen treatments ranged from 0.76 to 0.79.（3）The quality indexes of different gluten wheat increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.Under the same nitrogen application rate,the quality indexes of SRF30+U treatment were higher than those of SRF40 treatment,and those of SRF40+U treatment were higher than those of FFP treatment.Among them,SRF40treatment was the most conducive to the quality formation of weak gluten wheat.Under the condition of SRF40+U fertilization,the crude protein content,wet gluten content,formation time and stability time of strong gluten wheat were the highest,and the weakening degree was the lowest.Under the conditions of this experiment,the slow-release fertilizer application methods to achieve high yield and high quality of weak gluten,medium gluten and strong gluten wheat were SRF40,SRF30+U and SRF40+U,respectively.