Studies On The Flash Extraction Of Fatty Acids,Lycopene And Lutein From The Gac Fruit

The flash extraction method was used in this paper to research the separation and extraction of active components from the gac fruit.Based on the condition control studies on the extraction and separation of fatty acids and lycopene from the aril and lutein from the pericarp of the gac fruit,an efficient production process for extracting active components from the gac fruit was proposed.With the 0.5 L lab-scale experimental results as a guide,the experiment of 150 L pilot scale was successfully completed,laying a foundation for the industrial extraction of active components from the gac fruit.The main experimental results are as follows:（1）The process parameters of drying the fresh aril of the gac fruit were determined.Experiments showed that after a 7-hour drying at 70°C,the water content of the aril would drop to 6.18%.In this condition,the obtained dry aril of gac fruit has the best extraction effect.（2）The control conditions for the separation and extraction of fatty acids from the aril of the gac fruit were defined.The contents of the four main fatty acids in the aril of the gac fruit were first detected and the fatty acid extraction experiments established the optimum extraction conditions:anhydrous ethanol as the extraction solvent,solid-to-liquid ratio at 1:20（m/v）,extraction time at100 s and rotation speed at 4000 rpm,extracting for two times.These conditions met,the fatty acid yield could reach 27.15%.（3）The control conditions for the separation and extraction of lycopene from the aril of the gac fruit were determined.Condition control studies were carried out to determine the optimum parameters for extracting lycopene from the gac fruit after fatty acid extraction had been completed.The optimum conditions were as follows:Petroleum ether as the extraction solvent,solid-to-liquid ratio at 1:22（m/v）,extraction time at 40 s and rotation speed at4000 rpm.These conditions met,the yield of lycopene could reach 4.78‰.（4）The process of the separation and extraction of lutein from the pericarp of the gac fruit was determined.Through the exploration of the separation and extraction of lutein from the pericarp of the gac fruit,the optimum extraction parameters were found to be as follows:Anhydrous ethanol as the extraction solvent,extraction temperature at 45℃,solid-to-liquid ratio at 1:20（m/v）,and extracted for 40 s at 2000 rpm.These conditions met,the lutein yield could reach 5.36‰.（5）The research on the stability of lycopene in the gac fruit was completed.The results showed that lycopene should be preserved under low-temperature and low-light conditions,and its stability could be enhanced by the addition of vitamin C（<125 mg/L）.Besides,lycopene showed good ability of removing H₂O₂.（6）A 150 L pilot-scale amplification experiment on extracting fatty acid and lycopene from the aril of the gac fruit was performed.After two extractions on a 150 L scale,the total yield of the fatty acid from the gac fruit could reach 25.40%and the lycopene yield 2.81‰.This experiment adopted the flash extraction method innovatively to obtain the active components from the gac fruit.The method requires simple operation,small equipment investment and low production cost while showing high efficiency.With this basis,this study successfully realized the efficient extraction and separation of active components such as the fatty acid,lycopene and lutein from the gac fruit,and also helped to lay the foundation for the higher value application of the the gac fruit.In addition,the extraction process was successfully amplified,making possible the industrial amplification of the flash extraction of the active components from the gac fruit,which provides an important reference and guidance for industrial production.