Effect Of "Physical-mental Exercise" On Learning And Memory Ability And Mitochondrial-mediated Apoptosis In Aging Mice

Objective:By observing the effects of the physical-mental exercise model on the learning and memory ability and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis of natural aging mice,the mechanism of anti-aging of the physical-mental exercise was explored.Methods:The 72 18-month-old SPF female mice are divided into old control group(OC),physical exercise group(PE),mental exercise group(ME)and physical-mental exercise group(PME),18 in each group.18 3-month-old mice are taken for young control group(YC).Mice in the old control group and the young control group were raised in a standard environment without any intervention;The physical exercise group conducted treadmill training;the mental exercise group carried out rich environmental intervention;and the physical-mental exercise group used treadmill training combined with environmental intervention,training 5 days a week,continuously for 8 weeks.After the intervention,Morris water maze was used to evaluate the learning and memory ability of mice in each group;HE staining method to observe the pathological changes of the dentate gyrus of the mouse;ELISA kit to detect the ROS level in the serum of each group of mice;the kit to detect the openness of mitochondrial permeability transition pore(mPTP)and the Western Blot method to detect the expression of Cyt-C,Bax,and Bcl-2 proteins in the hippocampal tissues of mice in each group.Results:1.Morris water maze test results of mice in each group:the results of the evasion incubation period showed that with the increase of the number of training days,the evasion incubation period of each group of mice was gradually shortened;on day 1,compared with the YC,the evasion incubation period of the OC,the PE and the ME were increased(P<0.05);compared with the OC,the evasion incubation period of the YC and the PME was shortened(P<0.05),and no significant difference was seen in the remaining groups(P>0.05);on days 2,3 and 4,compared with the OC,the evasion incubation period of each group was significantly shortened(P<0.05),and no significant difference was found between the remaining groups(P>0.05).The spatial exploration results showed that compared with the OC,the percentage of residence time in the third quadrant of mice in the remaining four groups was increased(P<0.05);and the percentage of residence time in the third quadrant of mice in the PME was further increased(P<0.05)compared with the PE and the ME.2.Pathological changes in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus:there were no obvious pathological changes in the hippocampal dental gyrus in the YC,the neurons were densely arranged and neat,the structure was normal,the light stain was lightly stained,and the nucleoli were clear;the hippocampal dentate gyrus nerve cells in the OC were disorganized,the cell membrane was damaged,the cell morphology was swollen,the thick stain,the nuclear solidification,and a large number of neurons were lost and died;compared with the OC,the phenomena of necrosis,nuclear solidification,cell membrane and cell structure destruction in the PE and ME were improved;The number of hippocampal phyllodontic gyrus nerve cells in the PME increased significantly,the arrangement was neat,the cell structure was complete,the boundary was clear,and the phenomenon of nuclear contraction was reduced.3.The ROS content in the serum is:compared the YC,the serum ROS content in the OC mice increased significantly(P<0.05),the serum ROS content in the PE and the ME increased(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in the PME(P>0.05);compared with the OC,the serum ROS content in the mice in the PE,the ME and the PME was reduced(P<0.05);and compared with the PE and ME,the ros content in the PME mice was reduced(P<0.05).4.Results of mitochondrial permeability transition pore openness:the degree of openness of hippocampal histiocytes mPTP in the YC was the lowest;the degree of openness of hippocampal histiocytes mPTP in the OC was the highest;compared with the OC,the openness of the hippocampal histiocytes in the PE,the ME and the PME were reduced(P<0.05);compared with the PE and the ME,the openness of the seahorse tissue cells in the PME was significantly reduced(P<0.05).5.Western blot showed that:compared with the YC,the Bcl-2 protein level decreased in the OC,and the level of Cyt-C and Bax protein increased(P<0.05);compared with the OC,the Bcl-2 protein expression of the Bcl-2 protein in the PE,the ME and the PME was up-regulated,and the expression of Cyt-C and Bax was down-regulated(P<0.05);compared with the PE and the ME,the expression of Bcl-2 protein in the PME was increased(P<0.05),and the expression of Cyt-C and Bax proteins decreased(P<0.05).Conclusions:1.The physical-mental exercise intervention method can effectively improve the pathological changes of the hippocampal dental gyrus and reduce the degree of oxidative damage during brain aging,and improve the learning and memory ability of senescent mice,and the effect is obviously better than that of the two single intervention methods of physical exercise group and mental exercise group.2.The physical-mental exercise intervention method may regulate mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis by upregulating Bcl-2 protein expression and downregulating Bax and Cyt-C protein expression,Reduce the mitochondrial dysfunction caused by aging,inhibit the occurrence of apoptosis,and play a role in delaying aging.