| ObjectivesThis study aims to describe the status quo of nurses’ emotional labor strategies,patients’caring perception and nursing satisfaction.To analyze the correlation among nurses’ emotional labor strategies,patients’ caring perception and nursing satisfaction;Establish the structural equation model to test the mediating role of caring perception between nurses’ emotional labor strategies and patients’ nursing satisfaction.To provide reference for improving nurses’emotional labor strategies and improving patients’ nursing satisfaction.MethodsThis study was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional survey design,and a convenience sampling method was used to select responsible nurses and their inpatients from medical,surgical,gynecological,and obstetric wards in a three tertiary hospitals in Shandong Province from February 2022 to August 2022.Study instruments:general information questionnaire,Emotional Labor Scale(ELS),Caring Behavior Scale for Nurses(CBI),and Newcastle Nursing Satisfaction Scale(NSNS).Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 24.0,and statistical methods included independent sample t-test,one-way ANOVA,Pearson correlation analysis,and hierarchical regression analysis;structural equation modeling was performed using AMOS 26.0.Results1.Nurses’ emotional labor strategies:the total score of nurses’ surface acting strategy was(19.14 ± 5.98),with a mean entry score of(2.73±0.85);the total score of deep acting strategy was(12.77 ± 4.37),with a mean entry score of(3.19±1.09);the total score of the expression of genuine emotion was(9.83±3.00),with a mean entry score of(3.27±0.99).Nurses’ emotional labor strategies were used from highest to lowest frequency as the expression of genuine emotion,deep acting,and surface acting.The results of single factor analysis showed that there were statistical differences in surface acting,deep acting and the expression of genuine emotion strategies among nurses with different marital status,and deep acting and the expression of genuine emotion strategies among nurses with different ages.2.Patients’ caring perception:the total score of patients’ caring perception was(117.53± 11.50),with a mean entry score of(4.90±0.48);of which the scores of respect and connection(46.52±6.47),knowledge and skills(26.66±2.10),and support and assurance(44.35±6.31);the mean scores of the entries of each dimension from highest to lowest In descending order,knowledge and skills(5.33±0.42),support and assurance(4.93±0.70),and respect and connection(4.65±0.65).The results of the single factor analysis showed statistically significant differences(P<0.05)in the perceived care scores of patients of different ages,education levels,and marital status,as evidenced by the highest perceived care scores for patients aged 60 years and older(F=11.801,P<0.01),lower scores for patients with a university degree(F=3.392,P<0.05),and lower perceived care scores for married patients perception scores were lower for married patients(F=4.267,P<0.05);there was no statistically significant difference in the total perceived care scores of patients by gender and department(P>0.05).3.The total score of patient nursing satisfaction was(87.40±7.37),and all items were(4.60±0.39);single factor analysis showed that the total score difference of nursing satisfaction of patients with different ages and education level was statistically significant(P<0.05).Specifically,the nursing satisfaction of patients under 45 years old was lower(F=6.627,P<0.01),and the nursing satisfaction of patients with low education level was higher(F=8.256,P<0.01).There was no statistical difference in nursing satisfaction of patients with different genders,marital status and departments(P>0.05).4.Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between nurses’ deep acting,the expression of genuine emotion and patients’ caring perception and all dimensions(r=0.143～0.468,P<0.05).Deep acting and the expression of genuine emotion were positively correlated with respect and connection(r=0.374～0.433,P<0.01).Deep acting and the expression of genuine emotion were positively correlated with knowledge and skill dimensions(r=0.164～0.143,P<0.05).Deep acting and genuine emotional expression were positively correlated with the dimensions of support and assurance(r=0.321～0.379,P<0.01).There was no correlation between surface acting dimension and caring perception(P>0.05).There was a positive correlation between nurses’ surface acting,deep acting,genuine emotional expression and patients’ nursing satisfaction(r=0.154～0.498,P<0.05).There was a positive correlation between patient nursing satisfaction and the total score of caring perception and each dimension(r=0.145～0.843,P<0.05),and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).5.The results of hierarchical regression showed that after controlling the demographic characteristics of nurses and patients,nurses’ deep acting(β=0.213,P=0.003)and genuine emotional expression(β=0.345,P=0.003)still had significant effects on patients’ caring perception,and the explanatory capacity of them was 34.0%.Nurses’ surface acting(β=0.174,P=0.004),deep acting(β=0.231,P=0.001),genuine emotional expression(β=0.372,P<0.001)and patients’ caring perception(β=0.130,P=0.006)6.The results of structural equation model analysis showed that nurses’ deep play strategy and genuine emotion expression strategy could directly have a positive effect on patients’ nursing satisfaction,with direct effects of 0.518 and 0.602,and could also indirectly affect nursing satisfaction through the mediating effect of patients’ caring perception.The intermediate effects were 0.185 and 0.191,and the effect ratios were 40.31%and 38.35%.The mediation effect was tested by Bootstrap analysis,and the 95%confidence intervals were(0.079～0.403)and(0.078～0.453).Conclusions1.The surface acting of nurses were below the medium level,while the deep acting and genuine emotion expression were above the medium level.There were differences in the frequency of emotional labor strategies used by nurses of different ages and marital status.2.Patients’ caring perception score was at a high level.Patients had the lowest perceived respect and connection dimensions.There were differences in caring perception among patients with different age,education level and marital status.3.Patients’ nursing satisfaction score was at a high level.The nursing satisfaction of patients with different age and education level was different.4.There is a pairwise correlation among nurses’ deep acting strategy,patients’ caring perception and nursing satisfaction;There was a pairwise correlation between nurses’ genuine emotion expression strategy,patients’ caring perception and nursing satisfaction.5.After controlling the demographic characteristics of nurses and patients,nurses’ deep acting strategy and genuine emotion expression strategie have a significant impact on patients’caring perception;Nurses’ surface acting strategy,deep acting strategy,genuine emotion expression strategy and patients’ caring perception have significant effects on nursing satisfaction.6.Caring perception played a partial mediating role between nurses’ deep acting strategy and patients’ nursing satisfaction,and between nurses’ genuine emotion expression strategy and patients’ nursing satisfaction. |
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