| Background:Superficial mycosis is a common infectious skin disease,mainly caused by fungal invasion of skin,hair,finger/toe nails of the surface of human body,leading to skin and soft tissue infection.Dermatophytes(trichophyton,epidermophyton,microsporum),Malassezia,Candida are common pathogenic fungi of this disease.Nowadays,with the change of people’s living habits and micro-ecology,the increase of patients with immune function impairment such as tumor and AIDS,and the irregular use of antibiotics,the incidence of superficial mycosis is on the rise,and the distribution of pathogenic fungi is also different in different regions.Therefore,it is urgent to carry out epidemiological research on superficial mycosis in all regions of our country,so as to assist diagnosis,treatment and prevention in clinic.Patients with superficial mycosis diagnosed by fungal fluorescence microscopy in the Second Hospital of Jilin University were chosen as the object of study to understand the epidemic trend and the related influencing factors of disease species and pathogenic fungi of superficial mycosis in Changchun City and its surrounding areas,so that providing reference for clinical practice,rational drug use and prevention of superficial mycosis.Methods:Patients with superficial mycosis diagnosed by mycoscopy in the Department of Dermatology,the Second Hospital of Jilin University from May 2022 to October 2022were collected.Fungal culture and identification were performed,and the identification results were recorded.Fill in unified questionnaires,and count the composition of diseases,pathogenic bacteria,sex,age,infection site,occupation and chronic underlying diseases;excel was used to collect data,SPSS25.0 software was used for statistical analysis,the enumerative data were represented by n(%),Chi-square(χ~2)test or Fisher exact test was used for comparison between groups,and P<0.05 was statistically significant.Results:477 cases were diagnosed as superficial fungal diseases,10 different types of diseases,including 106 cases of tinea pedis,78 cases of tinea corporis,68 cases of pityriasis versicolor,64 cases of onychomycosis,62 cases of tinea cruris,43 cases of malassezia folliculitis,27 cases of tinea faciei(a special type of tinea corporis),20cases of tinea mauns,7 cases of tinea capitis and 2 cases of candidiasis.Fungal culture and identification showed 196 strains,16 species,among which 70 strains(35.71%)of Malassezia were the dominant fungus,followed by 63 strains(32.14%)of Trichotinea rubrum.Males were more affected by tinea cruris with 51 cases(82.3%).The prevalence of onychomycosis and tinea faciei of tinea corporis was higher in females,41 cases(64.06%)and 17 cases(62.96%),respectively.Patients ranged in age from 3 months to 90 years.Tinea pedis,onychomycosis and tinea versicolor are mainly seen in young people aged 18 to 45 years.Malassezia folliculitis was more common in 0～45 years old patients,42 cases(97.67%).Tinea faciei mainly occurred in minors aged 0～18 years,12 cases(44.44%).Tinea manuum mainly occurred in 18～60 years old young and middle-aged patients,16 cases(80%).Among tinea capitis,children aged 5 to 10 years have the highest incidence,5 cases(71.43%).47 patients were infected at two or more sites,and 22 patients(46.81%)among those were affected by tinea cruris combined with tinea pedis.The prevalence of tinea versicolor,tinea cruris and Malassezia folliculitis is highest in people with the occupations dominated by mental work(doctors,teachers,administrators,engineers,etc).Conclusion:According to the results of this survey,the main superficial fungal infections in Changchun City and its surrounding areas are tinea pedis,tinea corporis,pityriasis versicolor,onychomycosis,tinea cruris,malassezia folliculitis,and the main pathogens are Malassezia and Trichophyton rubrum.Analysis of infection related factors showed that superficial mycosis was correlated with gender,age,and occupation(P<0.05). |
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