| Objective:To investigate the changes in the diversity and abundance of intestinal flora in preterm infants with Extrauterine Growth Restriction(EUGR)by detecting fecal microbiota on the first day after birth,on the 28 th day after birth,and one month after discharge.To investigate the correlation between EUGR and the characteristics of gut microbiota in preterm infants,and to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of high-risk infants with EUGR and the use of probiotics.Methods:(1)Preterm infants with gestational age < 34 weeks and/or weight < 1500 g who were admitted to the Department of Neonatology of the Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities from July to December 2020 were selected as the research objects.According to the weight corresponding to corrected Gestational Age at discharge,they were divided into EUGR group and normal growth group(AGA).(2)Fecal samples were collected and preserved on the first day after birth,on the 28 th day after birth and 1 month after discharge.(3)The general information and clinical data of the two groups of premature infants and their mothers were statistically analyzed.(4)Fecal samples were collected and subjected to 16 S r RNA sequencing.The Alpha diversity(shannon index)and Beta diversity(average weighted Uni Frac distance)of intestinal flora were compared between the two groups to analyze the characteristics of intestinal flora and its relationship with EUGR.Results:(1)A total of 29 preterm infants met the inclusion criteria,including 14 in the EUGR group(9 boys and 5 girls)and 15 in the AGA group(11 boys and 4 girls).There was no significant difference in general and clinical data between the two groups of premature infants and their mothers.(P > 0.05).(2)The shannon index of intestinal flora in the two groups decreased significantly from day 1 to day 28 after birth,and increased 1 month after discharge,and the differences were statistically significant(P < 0.05).The shannon index of intestinal flora in the EUGR group was higher than that in the AGA group on day 1 and day28 after birth,but lower than that in the AGA group at 1 month after discharge,but the differences were not statistically significant(P > 0.05).(3)The average weighted Uni Frac distance of gut microbiota in the two groups decreased from day 1 to day 28 after birth and increased at 1 month after discharge,and there were significant differences between any two comparisons at the three time points(P < 0.05).The average weighted Uni Frac distance of intestinal flora in the EUGR group was higher than that in the AGA group on the first day after birth,and lower than that in the AGA group on the 28 th day after birth(P < 0.05).The average weighted Unifrac distance of intestinal flora in the EUGR group was lower than that in the AGA group at 1 month after discharge,but the difference was not statistically significant(P > 0.05).(4)The main species of intestinal flora were the same in the two groups,but the relative abundance of different flora at the phylum and genus levels were different at different time points between the two groups.(5)Lefse analysis showed that compared with the AGA group,the EUGR group had a significantly higher relative abundance of Veilonella(family/genus)and a significantly lower relative abundance of Bifidobacterium(order/family/genus)on day 28 after birth(P < 0.05).At 1 month after discharge,the EUGR group had a significantly higher relative abundance of Geminella.However,the abundance of Fusobacterium(phylum/class/order/family/genus),Salvianomyces(order/family/genus),Lachnospirillaceae,Monadaceae,Ruminococcaceae,Neisseria gonorrhoeae,Dorsiella and Diobacillus was low,and the differences were statistically significant(P < 0.05).Conclusions:(1)The diversity and abundance of gut microbiota in both groups decreased in the early stage after birth,and then tended to increase in the later stage,and there were differences between the two groups.(2)EUGR group structure and the intestinal flora diversity and flora AGA group is different.(3)The occurrence of EUGR may be related to the reduction or deletion of one or several intestinal flora,and beneficial bacteria can prevent the occurrence of EUGR in preterm infants.(4)Veillonella may be related to the occurrence of EUGR. |
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