3D Printed Anthropomorphic Functional Model Of Bionic Structure Of Temporal Bone

Objective: By optimizing the temporal bone CT data,the 3D data that conforms to the external and internal anatomical characteristics of the human temporal bone,replicates the main anatomical structure of the human temporal bone,and the temporal bone lesion model data that is personalized by the patient are established.The printing material that is close to the human bone is selected,and the 3D printing technology is used to print the temporal bone bionic model that can be used for anatomical study,skill operation practice,and doctor-patient communication.Methods: 3D modeling data is the process of 3D geometric modeling of temporal bone based on CT medical images.Determine the best CT scanning parameters of the temporal bone,obtain the DICOM data with slice thickness of 0.3mm and slice spacing of 0.1mm,use the medical reconstruction software Mimics16.0 to segment the internal anatomical structure of the temporal bone,and establish a three-dimensional geometric model of the temporal bone.The model is imported into Geomagicstudio12.After mesh smoothing and optimization processing,use the data repair software Materialse magics to repair the redundant triangular patches and interference shells,Finally,import the Intam Suite slicing software to generate a3 D digital geometric model in stl format,and import it to a 3D printer for printing.Carry out anthropomorphic experimental research on the printed temporal bone model,initially screen out the materials that conform to the human bone,and use the 5-point Likert scale to evaluate the anatomical accuracy and applicability of the temporal bone model,including the accuracy of the temporal bone structure and the difference of drilling and grinding touch,and prepare the temporal bone model that can be used for anatomical learning,skill training,and doctor-patient communication.Results:(1)The temporal bone model can clearly display the zygomatic process,joint node,temporal scale,external auditory canal,styloid process,mastoid process,parietal notch,mandibular fossa,temporal bone,internal auditory canal,sigmoid sinus groove,petrous apex,sigmoid sinus and other structures.Although some stapes can not be displayed,the complete stapes can be reconstructed;(2)The biological evaluation of polycaprolactone and PEEK materials(cytotoxicity test,acute systemic toxicity test,hemolysis test,heat source test,implantation test,mechanical property test,etc.)found that the material as a whole meets the application requirements of human bone,but through the comparison of the hemolysis rate of the material scaffold(polycaprolactone: 2.51% and PEEK: 4.32%),the comparison of the hemolysis rate of the two materials was statistically different(P<0.05),It shows that polycaprolactone has better biocompatibility than PEEK,and has more advantages as the basic material for temporal bone printing.(3)Subjects believed that printing the anatomical details of the temporal bone model was basically similar to drilling the temporal bone of the corpse(4.00 ± 0.67);The similarity of drilling anatomy(tactile,visual experience,sound)was very similar to that of temporal cortical bone of cadaver(3.85 ± 0.67);The temporal bone laboratory evaluated the safety of printed temporal bone and cadaver temporal bone(4.50 ±0.17);Compared with the temporal bone of the corpse,it has not experienced any stimulation(skin,eyes,nasal cavity)caused by simulated bone powder(1.4 ± 0.74);Participants believed that the model was an effective training tool(4.15 ± 0.58).Conclusion:(1)Construct 3D data(basic anatomical model)of normal temporal bone structure and temporal bone lesion model data(personalized anatomical model)that meet the individualized needs of patients;(2)Through cytological and biological evaluation,it is concluded that polycaprolactone and polyetheretherketone materials as a whole meet the application requirements of human bone,and have good biosafety in the short term.However,polycaprolactone is closer to human temporal bone in mechanical properties,and has more advantages as a printing material that mimics human temporal bone;(3)The constructed 3D printed temporal bone model has clear display of important anatomical structures,and its anatomical details are basically similar to those of the cadaver temporal bone.It can be used to learn temporal bone anatomy through multi-angle observation of the model,improving learners’ surgical skills,and is an effective training and training tool;(4)The hardness of the3 D temporal bone model made of polycaprolactone material is similar to that of human bone.It can be used for anatomical training under a microscope using micro instruments such as electric drills,aspirators,and crochets.It can be used as an introductory training for beginners in otology.Although it cannot completely replace cadaver specimens,it provides a useful supplement for beginners in anatomical learning.Its potential in the field of otolaryngology,head and neck surgery is worth further research.