Analysis On Prevalence And Influencing Factors Of Common Diseases Among Primary And Middle School Students In Mengzi City From 2017 To 2021

ObjectiveThis study aims to find out the major current health problems by analyzing the current situation and epidemic trend of common diseases,including low vision,myopia（from 2019 to 2021）,dental caries,malnutrition,overweight and obesity,high blood pressure of primary and middle school students in Mengzi city from 2017 to 2021,and to explore the influencing factors of myopia,dental caries,malnutrition,overweight/obesity,high blood pressure.Then providing data support for health department and education department to further take targeted prevention and intervention measures of common diseases.MethodsMultistage stratified cluster sampling method was used to select the research objects.At the first stage,2 primary schools,2 middle schools,2 high schools and 1vocational high school of Mengzi city were selected by convenience sampling.At the second stage,the research objects were selected by class from the selected schools after being stratified by grade（only grade 4 to 6 were selected in primary schools）.No less than 80 students were selected in each grade,so there were at least 240 students selected in each school.A total of 8559 persons were finally selected in this study after data screening and the deletion of incomplete questionnaires,then there were 1745 students in 2017,1694 students in 2018,1731 students in 2019,1709 students in 2020 and 1680students in 2021.Epi Data was used for data entry and SPSS 26.0 were used for data sorting and statistical analysis.The current situation of common diseases was described by （?）±s and rate（or component ratio）.Chi-square test was used to compare the difference of rate or component ratio.The Bonferroni’s method was used to pairwise compare the detection rates of common diseases among different learning stage students.Trend of the detection rate over time was tested by linear Chi-square test.Unconditioned multiple logistic regression model was used to analyze the possible influencing factors of related common diseases.It was considered statistically significant when P value was less than 0.05.All graphs drew by the Graphpad Prism9.0 software.Results1.The prevalence and trend of common diseases among primary and middle school students in Mengzi city from 2017 to 2021.（1）Low vision:The detection rates of low vision among primary and middle school students in Mengzi city from 2017 to 2021 were 55.0%,50.5%,64.5%,65.2%and 52.5%,respectively.And the rank of different degrees of low vision each year was severe,moderate,mild.The detection rate of low vision in female students was higher than that in male students each year.The prevalence of low vision showed an upward trend with the increase of grade in all years.（2）Myopia:The detection rates of myopia among primary and middle school students in Mengzi city from 2019 to 2021 were 56.1%,59.6%and 49.6%,respectively.And the rank of different degrees of myopia each year was mild,moderate,severe.The detection rate of myopia in female students was higher than that in male students each year.The prevalence of myopia showed an upward trend with the increase of grade in all years.（3）Primary dental caries:The detection rates of primary dental caries among primary school students grade 4th to 6th in Mengzi city from 2017 to 2021 were 38.9%,46.4%,26.5%,48.4%and 46.3%,respectively.There was no statistical difference between male and female students of primary school in the detection rate of primary dental caries each year.The prevalence of primary dental caries among primary school students showed a downward trajectory with the increase of grade in all years.（4）Permanent dental caries:The detection rates of permanent dental caries among primary and middle school students in Mengzi city from 2017 to 2021 were 49.1%,42.7%,44.5%,50.4%and 58.2%,respectively.The detection rate of permanent dental caries in girls was higher than that in boys each year.The prevalence of permanent dental caries showed an upward trajectory in general with the increase of grade in other four years except 2018.（5）Malnutrition:The detection rates of malnutrition among primary and middle school students in Mengzi city from 2017 to 2021 were 13.1%,11.6%,11.6%,9.7%and 9.8%,which showed a downward trend over time(X_trend²=12.259,P<0.001).The male detection rate of malnutrition was higher than female in 2017,2020 and 2021.The detection rate of malnutrition among middle school students was the lowest in all years.（6）Overweight/obesity:The detection rates of overweight/obesity among primary and middle school students in Mengzi city from 2017 to 2021 were 18.2%,23.5%,22.2%,24.5%and 24.3%,which showed an increasing trend over time(X_trend²=17.249,P<0.001).The detection rate of overweight/obesity in male students was higher than that in female students in 2018 and 2021.In 2020,there was a statistical difference in the detection rates of overweight/obesity among students of different learning stages in Mengzi city（X²=6.373,P=0.041）;Further pairwise comparison,the detection rate of overweight/obesity among primary school students grade 4th to 6th was higher than that of high school students.（7）High blood pressure:The detection rates of high blood pressure among primary and middle school students in Mengzi city from 2017 to 2021 were 13.1%,13.2%,7.8%,13.9%and 11.5%.The detection rate of high blood pressure in female students was higher than that in male students in Mengzi city in 2019 and 2021.The detection rates of high blood pressure among high school students were lowest in all years except 2017.2.Analysis on influencing factors of common diseases among primary and middle school students in Mengzi city in 2021（1）Myopia:The risk of myopia among female students was 2.126 times than that of male students;the risk of myopia among other minority students was 0.669 times than that of Han Chinese students;compared with primary school students grade 4th to6th,the risk of myopia among middle school students and high school students were1.546 and 4.719 times,respectively;the risk of myopia among residential students was0.673 times than that of non-resident students;Compared with students“without homework”,the risk of myopia among students who did homework or read books for“<1h”,“1～<2h”,“2～<3h”and“≥3h”every day after school in the past week were4.663、4.882、6.254 and 6.700 times,respectively;the risk of myopia among students who“frequently”keep lying down or on their stomachs was 1.617 times than that of students who“never”keep lying down or on their stomachs when reading books or electronic screens;the risk of myopia among students with sufficient sleep was 0.663times than that of students without sufficient sleep;the risk of myopia among students with at least one myopic parent was 2.442 times than that of students with non-myopic parents.（2）Dental caries:The risk of dental caries among female students was 2.059 times than that of male students;the risk of dental caries among students with emaciation was2.328 times than that of students without emaciation.（3）Malnutrition:The risk of malnutrition among female students was 0.576 times than that of male students;the risk of malnutrition among students who spent“2～<3h”every day was 0.413 times than that of students who spent“<1h”every day on outdoors activities during the daytime in the past week.（4）Overweight/obesity:The risk of overweight/obesity among female students was 0.611 times than that of male students;the risk of overweight/obesity among residential students was 0.753 times than that of non-resident students;compare with students who spent“<1h”on outdoors activities every day during the daytime in the past week,the risk of overweight/obesity among students who spent“2～<3h”,“≥3h”were 0.689,0.542 times,respectively.（5）High blood pressure:The risk of high blood pressure among female students was 1.648 times than that of male students;the risk of high blood pressure among high school students was 0.635 times than that of primary school students grade 4th to 6th;compare with students with non-overweight and obese,the risk of high blood pressure among students with overweight and obese students were 3.465 and 6.564 times,respectively;the risk of high blood pressure among students who spent“four days and above”was 0.576 times than that of students who spent“0 day”on doing moderate-to-vigorous exercise no less than 60 minutes a day in the past seven days;the risk of high blood pressure among students with sufficient sleep was 0.595 times than that of students without sufficient sleep.Conclusions（1）The detection rates of low vision,myopia,and dental caries were relatively high for the primary and middle school students in Mengzi city from 2017 to 2021,followed by overweight and obesity,while the detection rates of malnutrition and high blood pressure were relatively low.（2）Female students should pay more attention to the prevention and intervention for myopia,dental caries and high blood pressure,while male students should pay more attention to the prevention and intervention for malnutrition and overweight/obesity.（3）Spending time on doing homework or reading after school every day in the past week and“frequently”keeping lying down or on their stomachs when reading books or electronic screens were risk factors for myopia;sufficient sleep was a protective factor for myopia.Emaciation was the risk factor of dental caries.Spending“2～<3h”on outdoor activity every day during the daytime in the past week was a protective factor for malnutrition.Spending more than 2 hours a day on outdoors activities during the daytime in the past week was a protective factor for overweight/obesity.Overweight and obesity were risk factors for high blood pressure;spending“four days and above”on doing moderate-to-vigorous exercise no less than60 minutes a day in the past seven days and sufficient sleep were protective factors for high blood pressure.