| Objective:1.To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of overweight and obesity among school-age children in urban district of Lanzhou,and to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and control of overweight and obesity among school-aged children.2.Metagenomic sequencing was used to analyze the structural and functional characteristics of oral microbiota in school-age obese children,and to find out key species and functions associated with childhood obesity.This study provides data support for preventing and controlling childhood obesity by adjusting the balance of oral microbiota as targets in the future.Methods:1.Using multistage cluster random sampling method,a total of 1616 school-age children from 36 classes in 6 primary schools in Chengguan District of Lanzhou were investigated for overweight,obesity and influencing factors from February to March in 2022.2.Oral saliva was collected from 9 school-age obese children and 9normal-weight children,and the DNA of saliva samples was extracted for metagenomic sequencing.Bioinformatics analysis was carried out to analyze the structural characteristics and functional characteristics of oral microflora of school-age obese children,and the oral microecology of school-age obese children was comprehensively analyzed from structure to function.Results:1.1616 questionnaires were distributed and 1507 were valid.Among 1507school-age children,the total detection rate of overweight and obesity was 28.5%(overweight rate was 13.9%,obesity rate was 14.6%),among which the total detection rate of overweight and obesity was 37.6%(overweight rate was 17.5%,obesity rate was 20.1%)in boys and 19.1%(overweight rate was 10.2%,obesity rate was 8.9%)in girls.The detection rates of overweight and obesity in male students were significantly higher than those in female students(P<0.05).Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in the detection rate of overweight and obesity among subjects with different sex,grade,father’s education level,parents’ body type,intake of sugar-sweetened beverage,intake of fried food,intake of fresh fruit,eating speed,breakfast frequency,meal quantity,eating out times,brushing habits and caries(P<0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that male(OR=2.21,95%CI:1.72-2.83),father overweight and obesity(OR=1.79,95%CI:1.38-2.31),mother overweight and obesity(OR=1.87,95%CI:1.39-2.53),moderate meal intake(1-2 bowls,OR=1.91,95%CI:1.32-2.77)or large meal intake(>2 bowls,OR=3.98,95%CI:1.98-7.98),eating out ≥2 times/week(OR=1.53,95%CI:1.15-2.04)were the risk factors of overweight and obesity in school-age children;grade 5 and 6(OR=0.72,95%CI:0.53-0.97),fresh fruit intake ≥1 time/d(OR=0.68,95%CI:0.49-0.94),moderate eating speed(8-15 min,OR=0.51,95%CI:0.303-0.855)or slow(>15 min,OR=0.25,95%CI:0.15-0.44),caries(OR=0.76,95%CI:0.594-0.97)were the protective factors.2.In this study,125 phyla,185 classes,300 orders,572 families,1852 genera,7459 species of bacteria were detected in the obese group and the normal weight group,and there were certain differences in the composition of oral microorganism between the two groups.LEf Se analysis showed that there were significant differences in biomarker species between the two groups at the level of order,family,genus,and species.At the genus level,the relative abundances of Moraxella and Dialister in the normal weight group were significantly higher than those in the obese group(P<0.05).At the species level,the relative abundences of Dialister＿invisus,Treponema＿porcinum,Moraxella＿sp.,Moraxella＿sp＿VT＿16＿12,Moraxella＿lacunata and Moraxella＿caprae were significantly increased in the normal weight group(P<0.05).Campylobacter＿concisus,Veillonella＿sp＿oral＿taxon＿158,Veillonella＿rogosae,Veillonella＿sp＿S13053＿19,Streptococcus＿ilei,and Streptococcus＿australis were significantly increased in the obese group(P<0.05).Functional annotation analysis showed that the functional genes related to HIF-1signaling pathway,PPAR signaling pathway,beta-Alanine metabolism,AMPK signaling pathway,and apoptosis were significantly enriched in the normal weight group(P<0.05),while functional genes related to Biofilm formation-Vibrio cholerae,Selenocompound metabolism,RNA polymerase,Xylene degradation,and Dioxin degradation were significantly enriched in the obese group(P<0.05).Correlation analysis showed that Veillonella＿sp＿oral＿taxon＿158,Veillonella＿sp＿S13053＿19,Streptococcus＿ilei,and Streptococcus australis had a strong positive correlation with Biofilm formation-Vibrio cholerae,Selenocompound metabolism,Xylene degradation,and Dioxin degradation(P<0.01).Conclusion:1.The detection rate of overweight and obesity is relatively high in urban school-age children in Lanzhou city.Male,father overweight and obesity,mother overweight and obesity,meal intake ≥1 bowls,eating out ≥2 times/week were the risk factors of overweight and obesity in school-age children,and comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken for high-risk groups according to epidemic characteristics.2.There are differences in oral microbial community composition and functional gene distribution between obese and normal weight school-age children,suggesting that oral microbial imbalance may play an important role in the occurrence and development of obesity in school-age children. |
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