Expression Levels And Significance Of IL-18 And Related Cytokines And β2-microglobulins In Multiple Myeloma

Research background: Multiple myeloma(MM)is a common hematoplasmic malignancy with a high degree of heterogeneity.In recent years,with the in-depth understanding of MM immune microenvironment,MM immune microenvironment abnormalities play an important role in its occurrence,development and outcome.Our previous studies and recent reports have shown that MM patients can induce an abnormal expression of interleukin-18(Interleukin-8,IL-18)through a downstream mechanism induced by a large amount of β2-microglobulin(β2-MG)secreted in the body,and the specific cause of this abnormal expression and its role in MM immune microenvironment disorders with other immune factors are not well understood,which is a scientific question that this study attempts to explore.Objective: This study aims to explore the immune role of immune factors such as IL-18 in the occurrence and development of MM by observing the expression levels and correlation analysis of IL-18,IL-8,IL-6,IL-1β and β2-MG.Methods: From December 2021 to January 2023,29 patients with newly diagnosed MM(R-ISS stage: 3 cases in stage I,17 cases in stage II,9 cases in stage III)and 14 cases in healthy control group were collected from the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University to be collected to detect peripheral blood IL-18 by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and Cytometric bead array,CBA)method to detect peripheral blood cytokine IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8 and β2-MG levels,and analyze the relationship with MM immune disorders,SPSS 26.0 software was used for correlation analysis..Results: 1.Compared with the healthy control group,IL-18 expression was significantly reduced(P<0.05)in the newly diagnosed MM group,and the expression level of IL-18 was related to the stage and risk stratification of R-ISS,among which R-ISSI.stage> R-ISSII.stage> R-ISSIII.stage(P<0.05),low-risk group > high-risk group(P <0.05);2.The expression of IL-6,IL-8 and β2-MG in the newly diagnosed MM group was significantly higher than that in the healthy control group(P<0.05),in which the expression level of IL-6 was related to R-ISS stage,R-ISSIII stage>R-ISSII.stage> R-ISSI stage(P<0.05),and IL-8 was not related to staging.There was no significant difference in the expression of IL-1β between the control group and the experimental group(P>0.05).3.Correlation analysis showed that IL-18 expression levels were negatively correlated with β2-MG expression,not with IL-1β and IL-8expression levels,β2-MG was positively correlated with renal insufficiency in MM patients,and IL-6 was positively correlated with bone destruction in MM patients.Conclusions: 1.IL-18,β2-microglobulin,IL-6 and IL-8 were abnormally expressed in patients with newly diagnosed MM,and abnormal expression of IL-18 and IL-6 was related to the R-ISS stage of MM,suggesting that they may be involved in the immune microenvironment disorder of MM.The decrease in 2.IL-18 expression is negatively correlated with the increase in β2-microglobulin expression,and the two may affect the immune microenvironment through the NLRPS-caspase-1 pathway,which deserves further study.