| Objectives The aim of this study is to investigate the correlation between maternal BPS exposure during pregnancy and the etiology of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).Method This study was based on the Anhui-Wuhu Birth Cohort(WH-BCS)in China.From This study was conducted in the Anhui-Wuhu Birth Cohort(WH-BCS)in China.From October 2020 to October 2022,a total of 2786 pregnant women were included from the Wuhu Maternal and Child Health Hospital.The Maternal and Child Health Registration Form was used to collect general demographic information and second-trimester OGTT data.From October 2022 to December 2023,the free BPS content in the serum of pregnant women(23.01±3.51 week)was measured using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry.Excluding pregnant women with twin pregnancies,a history of GDM,and incomplete follow-up data during pregnancy,the study included 737 pregnant women.The demographic differences between GDM and normal pregnant women were investigated using t and χ2 tests.A multiple logistic regression model was used to explore the effects of BPS exposure on GDM during pregnancy,and the association between serum BPS concentration and plasma glucose levels during pregnancy were analyzed using multifactor linear regression.Results In this study,the detection rate of serum BPS in pregnant women was 98.10%,the median concentration of serum BPS in GDM group was 15.17(8.40,80.03)pg/ml,and that in non-GDM group was 11.78(7.80,18.59)pg/ml.A total of 168 pregnant women with GDM and 569 pregnant women without GDM were included in the study.The incidence of GDM was 22.80%.T-test and chi-square test showed that there was no significant difference between the two groups in maternal education level,annual household income,secondhand smoke exposure,first-time pregnancy and pregnancy intention.The age and pre-pregnancy BMI of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus were significantly higher than those with normal pregnancy(t=4.350,P < 0.01;t=5.054,P < 0.01)and the cesarean section rate of GDM women was significantly increased(χ2=5.149,P < 0.05).After adjusting for all confounding factors,multiple logistic regression model showed that Ln BPS level was correlated with GDM risk(OR=1.613,95%CI: 1.381-1.885).After transforming BPS concentration into categoric variables,conditional logistic regression model was included and all confounding factors were adjusted,the results showed that compared with Ln BPS low exposure group,the risk of GDM in Ln BPS high exposure group was 1.893 times higher(95%CI:1.234-2.904).However,no statistical difference was observed between the medium-exposure and low-exposure groups.The multifactor linear regression model found that the serum BPS concentration was positively correlated with the fasting,1-hour and 2-hour blood glucose levels.Each unit increase of Ln BPS would increase the fasting,1-hour and 2-hour blood glucose by 0.08mmol/l,0.197mmol/l and0.222mmol/l,respectively.Conclusion In this study,the incidence of GDM was 22.80%.Pre-pregnancy BMI and age were the risk factors for GDM.In the GDM group,77.38% of pregnant women were over 28 years old,and 32.14% of pregnant women were overweight and obese.The proportion of pregnant women over 28 years old in the non-GDM group was60.98%,and the proportion of overweight and obese pregnant women before pregnancy was 19.16%.There was a significant association between bisphenol S exposure and GDM during pregnancy.Serum BPS concentration was positively correlated with the risk of GDM,and the risk of GDM was significantly increased in pregnant women with high exposure to BPS.In addition,bisphenol S has an effect on plasma glucose levels,and an increase in serum BPS concentration is associated with an increase in 1-hour and2-hour blood glucose levels.It is suggested that pregnant women should improve their awareness of health care during pregnancy,pay attention to the content of bisphenol substances in daily necessities,and actively discourage and avoid,so as to better protect maternal and child health. |
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