| ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the personality characteristics,nursing organization atmosphere and the current situation of empathy of nurses in the department of oncology,and to analyze the influencing factors of empathy level of nurses in the department of oncology.To explore the relationship between personality characteristics,nursing organization atmosphere and empathy.Through semi-structured qualitative interviews,the influencing factors of empathy among oncology nurses were deeply clarified,and the quantitative research results were supplemented to provide objective evidence for improving the empathy level of oncology nurses and improving nursing quality.MethodsInterpretive sequence design was used in this study.1.Questionnaire survey: On the basis of reviewing literatures related to nurses’ empathy at home and abroad,combined with the characteristics of nurses in the department of oncology,the general data collection table for nurses in the department of oncology was designed by ourselves.Objective sampling method was used to select 231 cases of oncology nurses from 10 Grade III Class A general hospitals in Qingdao,Jinan,Yantai,Rizhao,Dongying and Weifang from June to September 2022 as subjects.General data collection tables,the Chinese version of Jefferson Scales of Empathy(JSE),the brief version of the Chinese Big Five Personality Questionnaire and the nursing organizational climate scale were used to collect the general data,empathy level,personality characteristics and organizational climate of nurses.SPSS25.0 software was used for statistical analysis,including descriptive analysis,one-way analysis of variance,independent sample t test,Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis.2.Semi-structured interview: Outline the interview based on attribution theory.The phenomenological method of qualitative research and the objective sampling method were used to conduct semi-structured interviews with oncology nurses in a third-class A hospital in Qingdao,Shandong Province from October to December 2022.Meanwhile,the interview data were collated and analyzed by Colaizzi’s seven-step analysis method.Results1.Questionnaire results:(1)In this study,231 nurses in oncology department scored a total score of(112.23± 12.93)points,and the average score of the items was(5.61 ± 0.65)points,of which the average score of the items in the perspective selection dimension was the highest(5.82±0.73).The total score of personality characteristics was(157.97 ± 17.41),and the average score of the total items was(3.95 ± 0.44),of which the average score of the pleasant dimension was the highest(4.79 ± 0.68).The total score of nursing organizational atmosphere was(98.62 ± 15.08),and the average score of the total items was(4.11 ± 0.63),among which the average score of the interpersonal atmosphere behavior dimension was the highest(4.24 ± 0.67).(2)Pearson correlation analysis was further used to explore the correlation between personality characteristics,nursing organizational atmosphere and empathy of nurses in oncology department.The results showed that the dimensions of empathy and empathy of nurses in oncology department were significantly positively correlated with personality rigor,pleasant,openness,extroversion,and nursing organizational atmosphere(P<0.01).There was a significant positive correlation between nursing organizational atmosphere and personality preciseness,pleasant,openness and extroversion(P<0.01).The dimensions of empathy,empathy,nursing organizational atmosphere and neuroticism of nurses in oncology department were significantly negatively correlated(P<0.01).(3)The results of univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in empathy scores of oncology nurses in terms of employment form(t=2.180),whether to learn empathy related courses(t=3.344),career satisfaction(F=11.736),work environment(F=10.926)and love for career(F=12.230)(P<0.05).(4)The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that whether they had studied empathy courses,engaged in professional satisfaction,personality neuroticism,personality pleasant,personality extroversion and nursing organizational atmosphere were the influencing factors of the empathy of oncology nurses,which could jointly explain57.5% of the empathy of oncology nurses(F=12.047,P<0.001).2.Semi-structured interview results:A total of 19 oncology nurses were interviewed in this study,and the data were analyzed in depth,and combined attribution theory to extract three themes and nine sub themes,mainly including personal factors,work environment factors,and service object factors;Nurses’ personality traits,professional knowledge level,identification and love for their profession,nursing organizational atmosphere,workload,work environment,patient factors,patient family and family factors.Conclusions1.The empathy level of oncology nurses was higher than the medium level;The personality score is in the middle level,and most of them are agreeable type;The nursing organization atmosphere is at a medium level.Agreeableness,extroversion and nursing organization atmosphere were positively correlated with empathy,while neuroticism was negatively correlated with empathy of oncology nurses.The empathy level of oncology nurses could be increased after learning the empathy course,high career satisfaction,high love for the profession,personality agreeableness,personality extroversion and nursing organization atmosphere.Personality neuroticism reduces empathy levels in oncology nurses.2.The influencing factors of empathy level of oncology nurses include personal factors,working environment factors and service object factors.Oncology nurses’ extroverted personality,professional knowledge,identification and love for their profession will provide a higher level of empathy.The heavy workload and tedious work in general departments will increase the job burnout of oncology nurses and reduce the level of empathy.Nursing educators and administrators should explore and validate effective empathy intervention programs to support oncology nurses in providing empathy services. |
PDF Full Text Request