The Eye Movement Research On Risk Choice And Intertemporal Choice From The Perspective Of Psychological Distance

Risky choice and intertemporal choice are closely related to human survival and development.In daily life,people always choose between different occurrence probability or different occurrence time.The similarity between the development of the two types of decision-making models has led researchers to suspect that they may have similar core algorithms.Based on the idea of experimental dissociation,this study explores the effects and mechanisms of probabilistic distance,temporal distance,social distance,and spatial distance on two types of decision-making.The process test method is used to investigate two types of decision-making process models to explore the feasibility of constructing a unified behavioral decision theory based on psychological distance.In Study 1,we manipulated the distance of the psychological distance within the options and observed the consistency of the effects of the four psychological distances on risk and intertemporal decision-making.At the same time,we conducted Bootstrap mediation analysis on the differences between dimensions,aiming to explore the mechanism of the effect of psychological distance on decision preferences,and test the dimensional-based decision processing mode.The research results show that the decision preference results are inconsistent with the Construal level theory.We propose the "priority integration" hypothesis for explanation.The size of the differences between dimensions mediates selection preferences,proving the existence of dimensional-based processing in both types of decision making.In Study 2,we used eye-tracking technology to explore the effects of four psychological distances on risk and intertemporal decision-making through four parallel experiments.The results found that the four types of psychological distance have inconsistent effects on the two types of decision making,and the "priority integration" hypothesis has been partially confirmed;there are differences in the two types of decision making in various eye movement indicators;both types of decision making follow dimensional-based processing rules,and psychological distance will affect the processing process;Attention preference can predict the final choice of two types of decisions.To sum up,this study draws the following conclusions:(1)There are some similarities in risk and intertemporal decisions: the processing rules of the two are more compatible with the compensatory model and the discount model,and the attention preference can predict the final choice of the two types of decisions.(2)There are significant differences in risk and intertemporal decision making: there are differences in reaction time,overall processing complexity,local processing depth,and decision process characteristics.(3)The four types of psychological distances are not completely homogeneous.The Construal level theory cannot explain the influence mechanism of psychological distance on decision-making.The experimental results partially support the "priority integration" hypothesis proposed in this paper.(4)There is a difference in the effect of the psychological distance between options within and outside the option.Participants give higher weight to the psychological distance within the option.