Literati Characteristics And Consumption Of Opera In Jiangnan Area In The Mid And Late Ming Dynasty

In the middle and late Ming Dynasty,Jiangnan area was rich in economy,developed in industry and commerce,and the rise of cities and towns.The people had rich material conditions,and consumption continued to expand.The wide spread of social studies has improved the cultural level of the people in Jiangnan.Yangming’s theory of mind accepted by the public.People begin to feel the happiness brought by the current life,and the extravagance is also followed.People’s consumption is becoming more and more vigorous,and cultural consumption is also growing,which has become an important part of people’s daily life.People are eager for leisure after work.More and more people become the main body of opera consumption.The drama represented by "legend" rose in the middle and late Ming Dynasty in Jiangnan.During the Wanli period,the creation of Southern Drama reached a climax and a large number of excellent works emerged.Southern opera has gradually penetrated into all levels of society and become an important performance of consumer culture.Because of their high cultural level,good material conditions and sufficient spare time,the scholars can deeply participate in the creation and re creation of traditional Chinese opera.They appreciated,created,evaluated and interpreted operas together through social gatherings,banquets and other means,and influenced the artistic style of modern drama with the taste of scholars,which made the operas in Jiangnan area in the middle and late Ming Dynasty have obvious characteristics of scholars and greatly improved the quality of operas,thus becoming the main driving force to promote the grand occasion of operas in the late Ming Dynasty.As a commodity,traditional Chinese opera adopts the communication mode of combining opera libretto and performance to realize the commercialization of traditional Chinese opera through multiple channels.The scholars and businessmen cooperated with each other to jointly promote the commercialization of the opera lands.Some of the businessmen organized professional troupes to train professional actors for commercial performances;the other part operated workshops to publish opera libretto and adopted various marketing methods to seek rich profits.The participation of the scholars in the commercialization of traditional Chinese opera includes acting as the buyer of the market of traditional Chinese opera and establishing family music.There are also some scholars who manage their students with traditional Chinese opera.They create libretto for the workshop,act as professional editor for the workshop,and make illustration for the preface of libretto,etc.The 2 plays an indispensable role in the process of the commercialization of traditional Chinese opera.Since the middle of Ming Dynasty,the number and quality of professional opera performers have been increasing.The income of the actors increased,and their living conditions and social status were also improved.The audience of traditional Chinese opera is rich,covering all levels of Jiangnan society;the types of consumption of traditional Chinese opera are also various.The consumption places of traditional Chinese opera also showed a trend of being fixed,which further professionalized the commercial performance of traditional Chinese opera.Under the joint construction of scholars and businessmen,the Ming Dynasty drama market began to form and continued to improve.