Research On The Cultural Consumption Of Jiangnan Scholars In The Middle And Late Ming Dynasty

Cultural consumption is a relatively high level of consumption in daily life,is the consumption of cultural products or services to meet people's spiritual and cultural needs,plays an important role in social and economic development.The middle and late Ming Dynasty was an era of commodity economy,urbanization and vigorous development of social culture.As a key link in the whole consumption environment,literati-led cultural consumption has an impact on the evolution of people's values,lifestyle and the development of commodity economy,and has a significant interaction with the changes of social structure.As a special group in society,the intellectuals have the right to speak and master the written materials.This article takes the cultural consumption content as the clue,takes the scholars group in Jiangnan as the breakthrough point,studies the background of the rise of the consumption society in Jiangnan,the general situation of the consumption of culture and education and the understanding of cultural consumption,combs the relationship between the cultural consumption of scholars and the social transformation,and strives to make a thorough analysis and investigation of the cultural consumption and identity of scholars.This paper consists of six parts,namely:Introduction part,this paper summarizes the origin,significance,scope and time span of the research,as well as historical materials and methods.The key points,difficulties and innovations of this paper are expounded.This paper introduces the current research situation of this topic,and comments on the research status as a foothold for further exposition of this article.The first chapter introduces the social background of Jiangnan in the middle and late Ming Dynasty.The political situation,economic foundation and cultural and educational level of the whole society directly affect the social changes and trends.Luxury has become a fashion,which further promotes the emergence and popularity of consumption fashion in Jiangnan.This chapter discusses the scholars who are facing the restriction of imperial examination system and the impact of commodityeconomy.Changes in social status and consumption habits.Chapter two expounds the general situation of the consumption of study arrangement,books and education.As the main stationery supplies,ink,paper and inkstone are the basis for scholars to write and study.They have a large consumption demand and account for a large proportion of cultural consumption.The layout of literati's study and the consumption of furniture show the special taste of literati.For book consumption,the emergence of many commercial bookstores and roadside bookstalls has created conditions for meeting the cultural consumption needs of literati and ink-writers and the flourishing sales of bookstores.Taking private schools as an example,the cost of schooling is also an important cultural expenditure.Chapter three gives a comprehensive interpretation of the consumption of works of art from three aspects: antiques,paintings and flowers.Taking the representative works of art such as antiques,paintings and flowers as the research object,this paper probes into their trading places and ways.Antiques and paintings are mainly sold in markets and shops,and also sold by intermediaries.Flower markets are distributed in various regions.Some of them are sold by long-distance traffic.Among them,there are classifications of elegance and vulgarity,appreciation and good deeds to highlight the special collection and appreciation ability and elegant interest of scholars.Chapter fourth makes a preliminary discussion on leisure and entertainment consumption represented by drama,drama and tourism consumption.The consumption of drama has gradually become commercialized,with the emergence of theatres,halls,tea houses,restaurants and various temporary stages,and the content and methods of performance becoming more secular.Tourism culture urges scholars to shape various forms of taste of tourist consumer goods to flaunt their identity.They make friends and associations,visit mountains and rivers,pursue a pleasant and colorful life,advocate personality liberation and express their true selves.Tourism consumption is mainly reflected in the expenditure of accommodation,transportation and shopping.The fifth chapter is about the understanding of cultural consumption of scholars in the middle and late Ming Dynasty.The prosperity of commercial economy is thedirect reason for the diversification of scholar's consumption.The pursuit of fashion and luxury makes the fashion come into being.It plays a leading role in scholar's cultural consumption,and the traditional consumption concept has been challenged.Summarizing the conflict between refinement and vulgarity in literati cultural consumption is essentially a means and way for literati to compete for the status of social elite,reflecting the interaction between different strata in the south of the Yangtze River,so as to explore the role of literati cultural consumption in the transformation of social change.