Nurses’ Cultivation Record:The Research Of Cheeloo University Hospital Nurses’ Training School(1914-1941)

Since the opening of modern China,the spread of Western learning had led to significant changes in traditional Chinese medicine.In the late 19th century,female missionaries gradually became involved in hospital nursing and attempted to establish nursing schools in China to train Chinese nurses,thus giving rise to modern Chinese nursing education.However,influenced by traditional Chinese notions of male-female prevention and social disdain for nursing work,nursing education and student employment had not been satisfactory since the late Qing Dynasty.The traditional Chinese belief that ’men and women are not related’ and the fact that caring for patients was often seen as a menial job in China made it difficult to get quality students for nursing schools.It meant that women caring for male patients,which was considered the norm in the West at the time,was not yet commonplace in China.The Shantung Christian University Hospital Nurses’ Training School was established in 1914 in this context.Margaret F.Logan,Frances R.Wilson,and Geneva E.Miller served as principals.As the founder of the school,Margaret F.Logan had developed nursing education from a class of nurses to a nursing school registered with the Nurses’ Association of China,and nursing education was on the right track.Frances R.Wilson came up with the idea of an undergraduate education in nursing and developed plans for a new school system.Miss Wilson had also made many fine adjustments in the practice of student life and society,and carried the nursing education of the school further along the professional path.After taking over the nursing school,Geneva E.Miller adapted the nursing school curriculum to practical needs,extended the preparatory period,and then established a bridge of communication between the school and the nursing students through contact between the nursing students and teachers during the preparatory period.Three women in the process of dealing with a variety of challenges in and out of school,striving to raise the level of education in a nursing education that was becoming increasingly specialized.Of course,the development of nursing school had never been all smoothing sailing.In the decades since the school’s founding,systemic problems in nursing education and nurse professionalization-long training hours,low pay and high turnover-had plagued the school’s further development.In the 1920s and 1930s,nursing school also faced the effects of nationalist movements,and nursing students often went on strike.Cheeloo University,which closed after the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War,reopened in Chengdu,while the nursing school remained in Jinan.In 1941,the nursing school was forced to close due to the effects of the Pacific War,and nursing students and Chinese nurses left,while foreign nurses were either repatriated or imprisoned in concentration camps across China.After the victory in the war against Japan,the nursing school resumed operations,but it had not returned to pre-war levels.During its existence,Cheeloo University Hospital Nurses’ Training School had continuously improved nursing education,enhanced nursing professionalism,absorbed nurses from surrounding areas for further study,participated in disaster relief and public health promotion,and served the community.At the same time,it had led the way in breaking down traditional notions of male and female,promoting professional degrees for nurses,and producing a large pool of nursing talent.In the development of nursing education in the Republic of China,Cheeloo University Hospital Nurses’Training School occupied an important place.