The Establishment Of Xinjiang Province In 1884 And Its Implications

The study of the history and reality of the frontier,under the perspective of united front studies and the building of the Chinese national community,is an important element in the maintenance of ethnic unity and the reunification of the motherland.The governance of the frontier has been a vital issue for the central governments of all dynasties.Xinjiang,as an important frontier region in China,has its own special characteristics and importance.In the Qing dynasty,the central government formed a more comprehensive system of policies for the governance of Xinjiang,which was of great importance in maintaining ethnic unity,promoting ethnic unity and maintaining the stable development of Xinjiang society.This article,through the study of documentary sources,composes and considers the historical event of the establishment of a new province in Xinjiang.It gives a more systematic account of the social situation and development trajectory of the Xinjiang region in the late Qing Dynasty,discusses the impact of the change in the Qing government’s policy of governing the border on the political,economic,cultural and ethnic aspects of the Xinjiang region,and objectively analyses and summarises the gains and losses of the Qing government in dealing with the Xinjiang issue,taking the establishment of a province in Xinjiang as a lesson for the future.Pioneering the future of work in Xinjiang.To achieve the overall goal of social stability and long-term peace and stability,it is necessary to promote unity and union among all ethnic groups.By giving full play to the unique advantages and functions of the United Front in maintaining social stability and long-term peace and stability in Xinjiang,taking into account the overall situation and planning in a holistic manner,the Great Unity and United Front,as the basic task of the United Front,will gather strength to further forge a strong Chinese national community.This paper is comprised of four sections.The initial section serves as an introduction,wherein the origin and significance of the paper are outlined.Additionally,a systematic review of research materials related to the chosen topic is provided,along with an explanation of the research methodology and relevant elements of this paper.In the second part,the background of the establishment of Xinjiang as a province is explained.The shortcomings of the military system established after the unification of Xinjiang by the Qianlong emperor in the early Qing Dynasty were gradually exposed;the policy of ethnic segregation prevented the people of Xinjiang from developing a national identity;there were successive popular uprisings in Xinjiang;and international aggression by the British and the Russians became increasingly widespread.With both internal and external problems,the Qing government’s rule in Xinjiang was being stolen by Aguber,and new policies were urgently needed to change the situation.At the same time,the crisis facing both the south-eastern coast and the north-western frontier gave rise to a debate within the Qing government over the ’defence of the seas’ and the ’defence of the sea’,reflecting the transformation of modern defence strategy.The third part discusses the historical process of promoting the establishment of a province in Xinjiang.Firstly,Gong Zizhen,Wei Yuan and other aspirants first proposed the idea of establishing a province in Xinjiang;secondly,Zuo Zongtang repeatedly requested the establishment of a province during his western expedition;secondly,the establishment of the Bureau of Rehabilitation laid the foundation for the establishment of a province;finally,Liu Jintang promoted the implementation of various aspects of the establishment of a province,and the Qing government formally agreed to the establishment of a province in Xinjiang and implemented a series of reform measures.The fourth section analyses the political,economic,cultural,legal and ethnic changes that took place in Xinjiang after the establishment of the province,including the introduction of the county system,the vigorous development of the economy,the promotion of Confucian culture,the enhancement of the people’s legal awareness,the promotion of ethnic unity,the all-round integration of the frontier interior and the gradual convergence of Xinjiang’s policies with those of the whole country.It also summarises the historical experience and revelations of the establishment of Xinjiang as a province.Through this historic initiative,the Qing government maintained social stability in Xinjiang and ensured the stability of China’s northwestern frontier,although with certain class and historical limitations.It has been a great catalyst for the stability of the frontier and ethnic unity.This is of significant reference value to us today in terms of accurately implementing the Party’s strategy for governing Xinjiang in the new era,carrying out a comprehensive job in Xinjiang,creating a shared spiritual home for the Chinese nation,and further strengthening the sense of community among all the people of China.