| BackgroundNon suicidal self injury(NSSI)refers to the behavior that an individual repeatedly and intentionally damages himself directly without a clear suicidal intention,and causes mild or moderate injury consequences.This behavior is not accepted and recognized by the social environment in which the individual lives(excluding tattoos,body rings,etc.),And it is necessary to exclude the self injurious behavior when individuals are in the state of mental disorders(such as self injurious behavior under the control of imperative auditory hallucinations).Adolescence is a high incidence stage of non suicidal self injury.Due to the lack of appropriate solutions to life problems among young people,it may lead to extreme emotions,choose to escape coping,and increase the incidence of non suicidal self injury.The domestic research on NSSI’s family environment factors mostly focuses on the experience of child abuse and neglect,while the research on NSSI,parental rearing patterns,family functions and coping styles is relatively small.This study speculated that parental rearing patterns,family functions and coping styles were closely related to NSSI in adolescents.Objective1.Explore the characteristics of young NSSI in terms of general demographic data,parental rearing patterns,family functions and coping styles;2.Explore the correlation between coping style,parental rearing style,family function and NSSI,and provide new ideas for NSSI intervention;3.Analyze the impact on NSSI of teenagers in terms of general demographic data,parental rearing patterns,family functions and coping styles,so as to provide a basis for in-depth understanding of social and psychological factors of NSSI individuals.MethodFrom September 2021 to August 2022,80 NSSI adolescents admitted to the Department of Pediatrics and Psychology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were selected as the study group by convenient sampling,and 80 healthy adolescents were randomly selected from a middle school in Zhengzhou as the control group.The general demographic data questionnaire,parental rearing style scale,family function assessment scale,coping style questionnaire,and adolescent non suicidal self injuring behavior questionnaire were used to evaluate the two groups of subjects.The differences between the two groups in demographic data,parental rearing patterns,family functions,coping styles,and non suicidal self injuring behaviors were compared.Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between NSSI,parental rearing patterns,family functions and coping styles,and logistic regression was used to analyze the related influencing factors of adolescent NSSI.Result1.A total of 160 subjects were included in this study.Among them,there are 68 males,accounting for 42.5%,and 92 females,accounting for 57.5%;The average age of the subjects was 14.96 ± 1.36 years old;The average length of schooling was 9.46 ± 1.44 years;The average age of the father was 40.16 ± 2.62 years old,and the average age of the mother was 39.13 ± 3.06 years old;There were 81 urban births,accounting for 50.6%,and79 rural births,accounting for 49.4%;42 divorced families,accounting for 26.3%,118 undivided families,accounting for 73.8%;There were 62 only children,accounting for38.8%,and 98 non only children,accounting for 61.3%.There was no significant difference between the study group and the control group in terms of gender,age,years of education,father’s age,place of birth,only child,family type,father’s education level,mother’s education level(P>0.05),but there was significant difference between the two groups in terms of mother’s age,whether divorced family,parental rearing principles,and family atmosphere(t=3.073,P=0.002);χ~2= 8.265,P=0.004;χ~2= 5.161,P=0.023;χ~2= 10.492,P=0.005)。2.(1)There was a statistically significant difference between the study group and the control group in the scores of self injurious behavior without obvious tissue damage,self injurious behavior with obvious tissue damage,self interested social interaction,negative self reinforcement,and emotional expression(Z=8.813,6.941,8.787,7.386,7.691,P<0.001);(2)The results showed that there was a significant difference between the study group and the control group in the scores of the factors of problem-solving,help seeking and rationalization in coping styles(Z=2.946,P=0.003;Z=2.262,P=0.024;Z=2.159,P=0.031);(3)In terms of parental rearing styles,there was a statistically significant difference between the study group and the control group in the scores of father’s emotional warmth and understanding,father’s severe punishment,father’s excessive interference,father’s refusal and denial,and father’s excessive protection(Z=2.595,P=0.009;Z=3.594,P<0.001;Z=2.904,P=0.004;Z=2.256,P=0.024;Z=3.596,P<0.001);There was a statistically significant difference between the study group and the control group in the scores of maternal warmth and understanding,excessive interference and severe punishment(Z=3.547,P<0.001;Z=2.382,P=0.017;Z=1.969,P=0.049);(4)In terms of family function,there were statistically significant differences between the study group and the control group in the scores of problem solving,communication,role,emotional intervention,behavior control and overall functional dimensions of family function(Z=2.340,P=0.019;Z=2.893,P=0.004;Z=2.479,P=0.013;Z=2.213,P=0.027;Z=2.160,P=0.031;Z=5.207,P<0.001;Z=3.756,P<0.001)3.(1)Spearman correlation method was used to analyze the correlation between factors of non suicidal self injury and factors of coping style.The results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between the factors of problem solving,help seeking and rationalization in coping styles and the factors of self injuring behavior without obvious organizational damage,self injuring behavior with obvious organizational damage,egoistic social interaction,negative self reinforcement and emotional expression in non suicidal self injury,and the factor of fantasy in coping styles was significantly positively correlated with the factor of emotional expression in non suicidal self injury;(2)Spearman correlation method was used to analyze the correlation between factors of non suicidal self injury and factors of parental rearing patterns.The results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between the father’s emotional warmth understanding in the father’s parenting style and the self injuring behavior without obvious tissue damage,self injuring behavior with obvious tissue damage,egoistic social interaction,negative self reinforcement,and emotional expression in non suicidal self injury;There was a significant positive correlation between the factors of father’s severe punishment,father’s excessive interference and non suicidal self injury in the father’s parenting style;There is a significant positive correlation between the father’s refusal to deny in the father’s parenting style and the self injuring behavior factors with obvious tissue damage in non suicidal self injury;There is a significant positive correlation between the father’s overprotection in the father’s upbringing style and the self injuring behavior without obvious tissue damage,the self injuring behavior with obvious tissue damage,and the self interested social factors in the non suicidal self injury;There is a significant negative correlation between the understanding of mother’s emotional warmth in the mother’s parenting style and the self injuring behavior without obvious tissue damage,self injuring behavior with obvious tissue damage,self interested social interaction,negative self reinforcement,and emotional expression factors in non suicidal self injury;There is a significant positive correlation between the factors of mother’s excessive interference,mother’s severe punishment and non suicidal self injury in mother’s parenting style.(3)Spearman correlation method was used to analyze the correlation between factors of non suicidal self injury and factors of family function.The results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between problem solving,communication,role factors,total function and the factors of non suicidal self injury,such as self injurious behavior without obvious organizational damage,self injurious behavior with obvious organizational damage,self interested social interaction,self negative reinforcement,and emotional expression;There is a significant positive correlation between behavior control in family function and factors in non suicidal self injury;4.Take the existence of NSSI as the dependent variable,the general information as the covariate,and the factors of parental rearing style,coping style,and family function as the independent variables to conduct the logistic regression analysis of NSSI.There are many dependent covariates and independent variable factors.Only the factors with significant differences in the difference analysis between the study group and the control group are included in the regression equation,and Forward: LR method is used for analysis.Finally,after 8 iterations,a total of 8 factors entered the regression model.The results showed that the chi square value of the Omnibus test model was 93.580,P<0.001,indicating that the regression equation was meaningful-The likelihood value of two pairs is 128.227,and the chi square value of Hosmer Lemeshow test is 6.081,P=0.638,indicating that the goodness of model fitting is acceptable.The age of mother,whether divorced family,family atmosphere in general information,father’s overprotection in parental rearing style,mother’s emotional warmth and understanding,and emotional reaction,emotional intervention,and behavior control in family functions enter the final model.Among them,age of mother(OR=0.764,95%CI 0.652～0.894),harmonious family atmosphere(OR=0.141,95%CI0.043 ～ 0.464),emotional warmth and understanding of mother(OR=0.949,95%CI 0.916～0.984),and emotional intervention(OR=0.891,95% CI0.827 ～ 0.961)were protective factors for NSSI.Divorced families(OR=3.741,95%CI1.236～11.326),overprotection of fathers(OR=1.191,95%CI 1.086～1.305),emotional reactions(OR=1.121,95%CI 1.018 ～ 1.235),and behavior control(OR=1.153,95%CI1.076～1.235)were risk factors for NSSI.Conclusions(1)NSSI adolescents’ mothers are younger.Their family atmosphere is worse,and their parents adopt more parenting styles of severe punishment,excessive interference,favouring subjects,refusal and deny,excessive protection,emotional reaction and behavior control.(2)There is a certain correlation between non-suicidal self injury and coping style,parenting style as well as family function.(3)The general demography of NSSI,parents’ family conditions,coping styles,parenting styles and family functions are all relevant influencing factors for the occurrence of NSSI in adolescents,among which non divorced families,parents’ emotional warmth and understanding,problem solving,communication,roles,and emotional intervention are protective factors for the occurrence of NSSI.The risk factors of NSSI are offen related to the young mother,the family atmosphere,frequent quarrels,parents’ severe punishment,excessive interference,favouring subjects,refusal and deny,over protection,emotional reaction and behavior control. |
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