Research On Althusser’s Thought Of "history Without A Subject"

The idea of "history without a subject" is Althusser’s structuralist interpretation of the materialist view of history by borrowing Hegel’s concept of "process without subject" in order to refute the bourgeois humanitarian trend.Although the idea of "history without a subject" exposes the real living conditions of human beings in capitalist society,because it emphasizes the self-operation of society driven by pluralistic contradictions,man loses its decisive position in history,and the revolutionary nature of the proletariat is dissolved.Therefore,only by critically analyzing this idea can we accurately understand the true connotation of Marx’s Juche thought.On the basis of opposing empiricist epistemology,Althusser absorbed and transcended positivist philosophy,and through a problem-based interpretation of the materialist view of history,he came to the ideological thesis that "history has no subject".In terms of its theoretical basis,Althusser absorbed Spinoza’s rationalism,Freud’s and Lacan’s psychoanalytic doctrines,and epistemologically interpreted the materialist view of history as a "scientific stage" after freeing itself from the shackles of ideology.As a mode of interpretation focusing on systematic and holistic interpretation,structuralism not only eliminates the teleological factor of Hegel’s dialectic,overcomes the inertia of traditional humanistic thinking,but also has a certain rationality in the interpretation of the logic of capital.However,in the materialist view of history,all social life is essentially a process of human practical activity,and the subject of history cannot be simply dissolved by the category of structuralism.The idea of "history without subject" emphasizes that society is detached from the self-operation of "living labor" and inevitably alienated from human emotional activities,which not only places the agencyness of the subject in the illusion of ideology,but also violates Marx’s principle that the process of historical development is unified with purpose and regularity.We believe that in Capital,Marx reveals the operating mechanism of the logic of capital while also paying great attention to the subjectivity of man in history,behind the alienated labor is the continuous accumulation of the revolutionary forces of the proletariat,and the joint labor after abandoning alienation points to the free and comprehensive development of man.On the whole,Althusser’s idea of "history without a subject" originally intended to clarify the materialist view of history from the objective dimension of theory,but because it overemphasized the interpretation of structural rationality,it actually set a new fog for our understanding of Marxist philosophy.In this regard,only by distinguishing the relationship between "structural domination" and "individual determination","synchronicity" and "diachronic nature" can we face Marx’s Juche thought squarely and clarify the tendency of "anthropological twilight" from the perspective of structuralism.Only by proceeding from this and deeply understanding the subjectivity under the materialist historical view can we better guide China’s reality and provide philosophical methodological theoretical support for creating a new form of human advancement.