The Relationship Of Healthy Young Men Between Personality Traits,Coping Styles And Stress Response Under Acute Stress

Military flights are characterized by high load,high risk and high stress,especially when encountering flight accidents or combat flights.The individual differences of pilots’ coping ability under the above acute stress situations are related to flight safety and mission completion.Our country has invested a lot of manpower and material resources in the selection and training of pilots.It is the mission of us to provide scientific and effective methods for improving the rate of talent and reducing the rate of grounding.Individuals’ perception and assessment of stress plays a very important role in regulating the process of stress coping and bring about a series of influences.Personality traits,to a certain extent,determine the degree of individuals’ perception of internal and external environmental threats,and some indicators are high predictors of stress coping ability,with stability across time and context.Coping styles reflect the coping strategies chosen by individuals after assessing the resources and capabilities required for the threats and can be optimized through education and training.It is of great significance to explore and master the relationship between personality traits and coping styles and stress response under acute stress situations,which can not only provide a starting point for selecting pilots with excellent stress coping potential,but also provide a method for training in-service pilots to improve their stress coping ability.In military flight missions,pilots may face big gains and losses or even life risks if they encounter acute stress situations,but such situations are difficult to simulate and manipulate in the laboratory.In this study,we proposed two kinds of experimental situations including parachuting of new recruits and recruitment selection of pilots.Success or failure in the former task is a matter of life and death and in the latter task is a matter of future.Individuals in both tasks need to fully mobilize their own resources to deal with these.As a result,the two experimental situations can be regarded as life risks and big gains and losses situations,and they can simulate the acute stress situation related to flight to some extent.The nature(type and intensity)of the stress situations plays an important role in the stress response,so we integrate it into the study of the relationship between personality traits and coping styles and stress response.The discussion of stress types was based on the background of parachuting of new recruits.We defined parachuting as specific threat and parachuting plan cancellation flexibly as uncertainty to study the relationship between personality traits and coping styles and stress response under two types of stress situations.The study of stress intensities was based on the background of recruitment selection of pilots.We defined the shock punishment as medium intensity in the practice situation and high intensity in the assessment situation to study the relationship between personality traits and coping styles and stress response under two intensities of stress situations.To sum up,this study used the parachuting of new recruits and recruitment selection of pilots to induce acute stress situations.We discussed the role of different types(specific threats,uncertainty)and intensities(medium,high intensity)acute stress situations in stress response by two independent experiments.Next,we made the correlative analysis of the personality traits,coping styles and the response and recovery of physiological indexes.Then we can preliminarily clarify the relationship between personality traits,coping styles and stress response under different types and intensities of acute stress situations,and finally summarize personality traits and coping styles that can adapt to different types and intensities of acute stress situations,which provide the basis for pilot selection and training.Experiment one The relationship between personality traits,coping styles and stress response: the role of stress typesPart Ⅰ Stress response under specific threat and uncertaintyThis part intended to describe the differences of stress response among specific threat,uncertainty and blank control groups under the acute stress situation of parachuting of new recruits.This study adopted cluster sampling and recruited 81 paratroopers from 3 platoons and divided them into 3 groups.The two-factor repeated measurement ANOVA was adopted,among which the stress types(Group A was the parachuting specific threat group,the weather condition was up to the standard;Group B was the uncertainty group,which cancelled the parachuting plan according to the real time weather;Group C was the blank control group,which had no plans for parachuting in the near future)were the inter-subject variables,and the experimental stages(preparation period,stress exposure and post stress)were the intra-subject variables.Stress response was evaluated and measured by emotional pleasantness,emotional arousal,ESR,HRV,SC and SAA.Results showed that there were statistically significant differences in individual effects and pair comparison of emotional pleasantness,emotional arousal,ESR,HRV(SDNN and RMSSD)and SC.There were statistically significant differences in main effects and pair comparison of HRV(SD1 and SD2)and SAA.The following conclusions can be drawn: The specific threat and the uncertainty group successfully constructed the acute stress situations,and the psychophysiological value changes were higher than the blank control group.The stress response caused by them were different,but the organism makes corresponding adjustments according to environmental requirements.Part Ⅱ The relationship between the personality traits and coping styles and stress response under specific threats and uncertaintyThis part intended to explore the relationship between personality traits and coping styles and stress response under the acute stress situations caused by specific threat and uncertainty.Person correlation method was used to analyze the study,and the Catell 16 PF Personality Scale and Xiao Jihua Coping Style Scale were used to assess the personality traits and coping styles.Stress response included the response(difference between stress exposure and preparation period)and recovery(difference between post stress and preparation period)of physiological indicators such as ESR,HRV,SC and SAA.This part can draw the following conclusions: Firstly,under the two types of stress situations at specific threat and uncertainty,there were personality traits that relevant with better stress response and recovery in common,namely high persistence,high sophistication,high assertiveness,high testability,high excitability and low tension.However,brightness and anxiousness of personality traits on both ends of each had their advantages.Secondly,mature and mixed coping styles are adverse to the stress response and recovery under uncertainty.Experiment two The relationship between personality traits,coping styles and stress response: the effect of stress intensityPart Ⅲ Stress response under medium and high intensityThis part intended to describe the differences of stress response among blank control,medium intensity and high intensity groups under the acute stress situation of recruitment selection of pilots.A total of 81 candidates were recruited and randomly divided into 3groups.The two-factor repeated measurement ANOVA was adopted,among which the stress intensities(Group A was the blank control group.Group B was the medium intensity stress group and received electric shock punishment under practice situation.Group C was the high intensity stress group and received electric shock punishment under assessment situation)were taken as the inter-subject variables,and the experimental stages(preparation period,stress exposure,post stress)were taken as the intra-subject variables.Meanwhile,f NIRS was used to assess the activation of prefrontal cortex during whole process,and the performance of recruitment was to be taken as the outcome index to assess the stress response.Results showed that there were statistically significant differences in individual effects and pair comparison of emotional pleasantness,emotional arousal,ESR,HRV(SDNN and SD2),SC and SAA.There were statistical significances of the single factor analysis of variances in f NIRS and performance.The following conclusions can be drawn:The acute stress situation was successfully manipulated in the medium and high intensity groups,and the psychophysiological value changes were higher than those in the blank control group.The activation of psychology and physiology under high intensity stress was significantly higher than that under medium intensity stress in response stage and lower in recovery stage.Part Ⅳ The relationship between personality traits,coping styles and stress response under medium intensity and high intensityThis part intended to explore the relationship between personality traits,coping styles and stress response under medium and high intensity stress.The specific operation was the same as Part Ⅱ.This part can draw the following conclusions: Firstly,under the two intensities of stress situations at medium and high intensity,there were personality traits that relevant with better stress response and recovery in common,namely high stability,high sensitivity,high gregariousness,high excitability,high sophistication,high independence,low skeptical and low anxiousness.However,persistence,imaginativeness and tension of personality traits on both ends of each had their advantages.Secondly,mature coping style is beneficial to the stress response and recovery under medium and high intensity,while immature coping style is adverse to the stress recovery under high intensity.In summary,we believe that the response and recovery of the stress response of individuals are related to personality traits and coping styles,and these correlations are influenced by the types and intensities of stress.This study showed the different manifestations of stress response under different types and intensifies of acute stress situations.In the future pilots selection,we should pay attention to the personality traits that can cope with various stress situations,and pay attention to the cultivation of mature and mixed coping styles in pilots training.