A Study On Wang Gen’s Philosophy Of Civilian Education

Wang Gen’s philosophy of civilian education,as a relatively systematic and perfect theoretical system,germinated in the middle of the Ming Dynasty during the period of social transformation.During this period,although political corruption,economic development did not stop.By taking this opportunity,Wang Gen’s philosophy of civilian education was born and developed,which was further expanded and deepened by Wang Bi,Yan Jun and He Xinyin and formed a complete theoretical system.This system includes two main ideological bodies:Civilian Confucianism and Civilian Education Philosophy.The common people’s confucianism is the theoretical construction of Wang Gen’s common people’s education philosophy,and the common people’s education philosophy is the related idea of education on the basis of the former,the two are complementary.In the middle of Ming Dynasty,Wang Gen lived,although the feudal political system gradually declined,the ruling class was rotten,but the economy had a remarkable development,officials and merchants gradually merged,It makes it possible to open up other channels for the expression of new ideas and dissemination of knowledge.In the face of such social conditions,the consciousness of the common people also began to awaken,and they learned new knowledge independently,hoping to make a difference.In addition,during this period,the academies started in the Tang Dynasty and reached maturity from the Song Dynasty to the Ming Dynasty,which further promoted the flourishing of private teaching and provided a carrier for cultural exchange and dissemination.These two points are the main conditions for the popularization of Confucianism.The ideological basis of Wang Gen’s philosophy of civilian education is "daily conscience"theory and "adult" theory respectively.His "conscience" theory mainly comes from Wang Yangming’s thought,which contains two parts:"natural conscience" and "daily conscience""Natural conscience" is fundamental,"daily conscience" is used."Daily conscience" is the thought wang Gen emphasizes,which mainly means that "conscience" really exists in people’s daily life.Wang Gen’s so-called "adult" is everyone can become,not in the past general sense of "adult".His thought mainly came from the combination of Meng Zi and Wang Yangming’s"view of adults",and further developed it.The "adult" theory mainly contains the connotation of "self-righteousness","body" and "life making".In a word,in terms of ideology,Wang Gen brought the metaphysical "nature" to people’s lives by the method of "daily conscience" and inculcated the "adult" view,which opened the process of the popularization of Confucianism and laid a theoretical foundation for his philosophy of civilian education.Wang Gen’s philosophical theory of civilian education mainly includes five aspects.In terms of "style of education",he advocated "teaching without class".emphasize the idea that"anyone can learn".In terms of "educational attitude",he advocated "simple and happy learning" and believed that the most profound and profound thought of the sages was "simple way".At the same time,he also believed that realizing "happiness" was the necessary condition to achieve "the way of the sages".In terms of "education thought",he advocated "learning in the moment",believing that "people’s daily life is the Tao",we should learn in the moment in the "people’s daily" trivial things,in the "common things" to learn the truth of life.In terms of"education methods",Facing the phenomenon of "ignorance of the common people",Wang Gen proposed two coping methods:"perception before knowledge" and "self-learning".He believed that "although people have different talents,they should learn regardless of talent",emphasizing the importance and necessity of acquired learning.Finally,Wang Gen said his"educational ideal",that is "everyone is a gentleman,all families can be rewarded".He believes that the foundation of this ideal society is to be able to promote virtue,to be practiced by the ruler,and to be emulated by the people.Through the construction of the above theoretical framework,Wang Gen completed his whole system of philosophy of civilian education.Wang Gen’s later studies also inherited and developed his philosophy of civilian education.Wang Dong inherited Wang Gen’s idea of "teaching without class" and further put forward the view of "introspect oneself and study happily".Wang Bi inherited Wang Gen’s thought that "people’s daily life is the Tao "and put forward the view that "nature is Tao" on this basis.Yan Jun put forward the view that "pure letting nature is the way" and "the elderly are safe and the children are healthy".He Xinyin put forward the "old stable,friends integrity,children’s health"point of view.Most of Wang Gen’s later students carried forward Wang Gen’s philosophy of people’s education on the basis of which his thoughts were spread and popularized.Based on the thought of "populism confucianism",Wang Gen further put forward the concept of populism education philosophy,which and its practice have breakthrough significance for the Ming dynasty and later generations.In a word,wang Gen’s philosophy of civilian education and a series of propositions and constructions put forward by the later students of Taizhou promoted the downward movement of confucianism in the late Ming dynasty and played a very important role in the development of civilian education.