Research On Guarantor In Song Dynasty

Guarantor refers to the individuals and institutions that play the role of guarantee in social affairs,and is a part of the ancient credit system.It existed as early as the pre-Qin period.At this time,people’s guarantee began to function in daily life,and the guarantor developed in the bud.During the Han and Tang Dynasties,the identity of the guarantor began to be defined,which was embodied in a series of appellations used to refer to the guarantor.In the legal provisions of this period,there are also penalties for improper guarantee of the guarantor.After the Song Dynasty,people’s guarantee played an important role in politics,economy,social life and other fields.Therefore,the use and management of guarantors were more mature than those of the previous generation,and they formed their own systems in different fields.In political life,the guarantor plays a role in the formulation and implementation of relevant policies and participates in political affairs.It is necessary to seek the guarantor’s guarantee in the transfer of officials,the recognition of merit and reward,and the posthumous gift of grace and forgiveness.The implementation standard,guarantee content,the number of guarantors,the requirements of the guarantor,the penalty of false guarantee and its function are different in different situations.The political guarantee of the guarantor in Song Dynasty also reflected the control of the people’s hearts by the emperor’s imperial means,which made them restrain and contain each other,thus contributing to the formation of a harmonious political ecology.In the economic life of Song Dynasty,the guarantor became an indispensable part of the contract.From the official and folk aspects,it can be divided into the official recognized person who bears the guarantee responsibility,that is,the legal guarantor,and the customary person who plays the guarantee role in folk transactions,that is,the agreed guarantor.There is a big difference between the names of the two,and the legal guarantor can participate in and dominate the trade between the government and the people on behalf of the government,making profits from it,and at the same time,it is subject to stricter management.However,the criteria of the two candidates are the same,and financial resources and virtue have always been the primary criteria of the guarantee candidates in the economic field of Song Dynasty.In addition,the economic disputes handled by the guarantor promoted the development of civil law in the Song Dynasty to a certain extent.In social life,the guarantor is used in social affairs such as civil security management,engagement and marriage matters,and litigation case handling.It mainly consists of four types of people: neighbors,matchmakers,tea-eaters and insurance-stopping people.It is a supplement to the economic and political fields,reflecting the universality and applicability of the guarantee behavior in the Song Dynasty society,and it also involved a part of the rural governance system in the Song Dynasty in real life.The appearance of guarantor is the inevitable result of the application of ancient Chinese credit system in life.The enlightened political environment,prosperous commercial activities and diversified social life in Song Dynasty provided an important material and spiritual foundation for its development.At the same time,the extensive use of guarantors in Song Dynasty also reflected the attempts and efforts of ancient society to build a sincere society.