| The "Shishuo type" novels of the early Qing Dynasty are an important part of the classical Chinese novels of the Qing Dynasty,which record the images of many officials in the Ming Dynasty.These images have distinctive features and rich connotations,but there is still insufficient research on them in academic circles.Therefore,this paper takes the image of officials in Ming Dynasty in the novels of the "Shishuo type" of the early Qing Dynasty as the research object,in order to supplement the research on the "Shishuo type" novels.The research content of this paper is mainly composed of seven parts:The introduction mainly expounds the reason for choosing the topic,the research situation,the innovation point of the paper,the research value,and the research method.The first chapter introduces basic information of Ming Dynasty officials in the "Shishuo type" novels of the early Qing Dynasty.On the basis of clarifying the definition of "Shishuo type" novels and "Early Qing Dynasty",this chapter sorts out the basic situation of "Shishuo type" novels of the early Qing Dynasty.The records of "Ming Yu Lin","Nanwu Jiu Hua Lu","Kuaiyuan Dao Gu" and "Yu Jian Zun Wen" are displayed in the form of a list.Preliminary statistics show that there are at least 964 officials in Ming Dynasty in the "Shishuo type" novels of the early Qing Dynasty,involving 107 subjects and a total of 1982 articles.These data lay the foundation for the following research.The second chapter categorizes the writing of "virtue" of officials in Ming Dynasty in "Shishuo type" novels of the early Qing Dynasty.The "virtue" of officials in the Ming Dynasty in the "Shishuo type" novels of the early Qing Dynasty can be divided into two categories.The first category is the general morality of scholars,mainly manifested in five aspects which are "filial piety","humility","tolerance","benevolence" and "thrift".The second category is the specific integrity of officials,mainly in the three aspects of "honesty","uprightness" and "loyalty".The third chapter categorizes the writing of the "talent" of the officials of the Ming Dynasty in the "Shishuo type" novels of the early Qing Dynasty.Its "talent" is mainly manifested in four aspects,which are "literature","governing the world","knowledge" and "language".These talents have three characteristics,which are the breadth of the field,the agility of thinking and the practicality of action.The fourth chapter analyzes the "typical" writing of officials in the Ming Dynasty in the "Shishuo type" novels of the early Qing Dynasty.According to statistics,there are39 "typical" officials of the Ming Dynasty in the "Shishuo type" novels of the early Qing Dynasty.Among them,the "typical" characters presented by Xu Jie,Zhang Juzheng,Yan Song,Yu Qian,Dong Qichang,and Xie Jin have five characteristics:forbearance and prudence,arbitrary and cruel,insidious and cunning,fortitude and decisiveness,and arrogance.The fifth chapter discusses the inheritance and innovation of the image of officials in Ming Dynasty in "Shishuo type" novels of the early Qing Dynasty,and analyzes the reasons.From the perspective of inheritance,both the "Shishuo type" novels of the early Qing Dynasty and "Shi Shuo Xin Yu" pay attention to the virtue and ability of officials,which was related to Confucianism and the concept of selecting officials.From the perspective of innovation,in terms of virtue,the "Shishuo style" novels of the early Qing Dynasty enrich the patterns and numbers of virtues such as "humility","thrift","loyalty" and "integrity",talented officials.This shows that the moral orientation of officials in the "Shishuo type" novels has changed from "Compatibility between Confucianism and Taoism" to "Confucianism is solemn",and their attitude toward the people has changed from "different classes" to "close to the people ",and their attitude towards government from "far from politics" to "governance by hard work".These changes are closely related to the ideology of the survivors,the awareness of historical preservation,the awareness of reflection,the imperial examination system,the strict restrictions imposed by the Ming government on officials,the concept of freedom and equality,and the trend of thinking.The sixth chapter summarizes the cognitive value of the image of officials in Ming Dynasty in the "Shishuo type" novels of the early Qing Dynasty.Its cognitive value is mainly manifested in three aspects.First,it demonstrates the novel pursuit of "education in strangeness",which not only pursues the aesthetic purpose of "weirdness",but also pays attention to the function of education.The second is to provide a "mirror" for peeking into the state of the times,reflecting the official ecology and ethos of the Ming Dynasty.The third is to provide a basis for analyzing the spirit of Chinese culture,promote the spirit of "scholar",and reflect the development characteristics of the coexistence of "inheritance" and "innovation". |
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