The Crusades Of Frederick Ⅱ

From 1228 to 1229,the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II launched the Sixth Crusade.Frederick II regained the ownership of the city of Jerusalem by negotiating peace with the rival Sultan Camille,thus giving the war a special place in the history of the Crusades.The launch of the Sixth Crusade was closely linked to the failure of the Fifth Crusade,and the leaders’ mistakes in decision-making led to the failure of the capture of Egypt.But the Pope did not give up his pursuit of Jerusalem.When most secular monarchs in Europe lost their interest in the Eastern Crusade,Frederick II fulfilled his father Henry VI’s crusade oath and made up for his former Absent from an expedition,he was determined to launch a new round of expeditions.The marriage with the Queen of the Kingdom of Jerusalem was a major driving force for him to travel to the East and establish his prestige there;and the diplomatic contact with Sultan Kamil greatly increased the possibility of Christians taking back the city of Jerusalem and became a prerequisite for peace talks to be achieved one.Under the influence of these factors,Frederick II decided to set off for Palestine.However,Frederick II’s journey to the East was full of difficulties.First of all,he needed to calm down the turmoil within his jurisdiction and ensure the stability of the domestic political and social environment during the Eastern Expedition.Therefore,he repeatedly postponed the departure date,and finally angered the Pope and was expelled from the church.As a result,Frederick II,who had lost the support of the Pope,began his expedition in an unseemly manner.In addition,the process of peace negotiations between Frederick II and the Sultan was not very smooth.In February 1229,the two sides finally signed the "Jaffa Treaty",and the city of Jerusalem returned to the embrace of Christians.This miracle was realized,on the one hand,because Frederick II’s military strength was insufficient,and the way of peaceful negotiation could exchange the least effort for the greatest benefit;And the willingness to make concessions is a compromise made in consideration of the real situation of internal and external troubles in the Ayyubid dynasty;in addition,after the first crusade,the Eastern and Western worlds gradually began to develop a relationship with each other.Cultural exchanges have also had a certain impact.After the Sixth Crusade,Frederick II’s authority in the Eastern Latin Kingdom was reestablished,and in the Christian world,it had a certain impact on the prestige of the Pope.As for the Ayyubid Dynasty,thanks to the peace negotiated with the Crusaders,Sultan Kamil could devote himself to the internal affairs of the country.This war has shown that the interaction between Christians and Muslims is not only violent conflict,but also diplomatic interaction and cultural exchange of peaceful negotiation.The Hohenstaufen Dynasty and the Ayub Dynasty took this as an opportunity to maintain a relatively long-term friendly relationship,which became a special case of civilized exchanges between Christians and Muslims in the history of the Crusades.