A Study Of The Human-Machine Ethical Relationship In Klara And The Sun From A Posthumanist Perspective

The issue of the ethical relationship between man and machine is an important element of science fiction literature writing,and Nobel laureate Kazuo Ishiguro deserves particular attention.After exploring the issue of human cloning in Mokuba Mokuba,Kazuo Ishiguro’s new novel Klara and the Sun,released in 2021,not only explores the question of whether a machine can completely replace a human being,but also returns to the uniqueness of the human heart.This paper attempts to use literary ethics criticism as a research perspective,combining the relevant theoretical ideas of transhumanism and posthumanism scholars to analyze the ethical dilemmas faced by humans and compare the ethical choices made by humans and robots,and then delve into the profound meaning behind the ethical relationship between humans and machines in the work to provoke readers’ thinking.The first chapter introduces Kazuo Ishiguro and the creation of Klara and the Sun,followed by a review of the current state of research on Klara and the Sun and a definition of the posthumanist research perspective.Chapter 2 analyzes the ethical anxiety between human and machine from two aspects: human-machine relationship and family relationship,which leads to the ethical dilemma of human beings.Both the panic and alienation shown by humans facing artificial intelligence and the cold and distant family relationship between mothers and daughters show the crisis brought to humans by the development of technology,which is not only manifested on the surface that artificial intelligence robots will replace human work,but also exposes at a deeper level the crisis of subjectivity in which artificial intelligence will replace human beings.Chapter 3 compares the ethical choices of Capaldi,his father,and Klara from the perspective of ethical choices.Although Capaldi’s ethical choice sees that human beings are in an era of human-machine symbiosis,he crosses the moral and ethical line;Father’s ethical choice represents that human beings see the crisis of human subjectivity in the ethical relationship between human and machine and begin to reflect on their uniqueness;Klara’s ethical choice transcends the established Klara’s ethical choice transcends the established master-slave principle and human morality and embodies the sublime of the non-human.In the fourth chapter,the ethical results and revelations are presented.In the posthuman era,while facing the crisis of subjectivity,human beings should think about their own limitations,and selfishness is the fundamental reason why robots cannot replace human beings.In the conclusion,it is argued that the complexity and selfishness of human beings cannot be replaced by machines,and it is more important to think about the inner nature of human beings in the guise of science fiction.