Meta-analysis Of The Intervention Effect Of Mindfulness Training On Athletes’ Sport Performance

Background:In the field of research,a large number of studies have shown that mindfulness training can effectively improve the sport performance of athletes,but there are many kinds of mindfulness training methods and different conclusions on the intervention effect.In view of this,it is necessary to explore the intervention effect of mindfulness training on sport performance.Objective:The intervention effect of mindfulness training on sport performance of athletes was analyzed from four aspects:sport result,physical ability,physiological function and psychological state.Method:Three Chinese databases(CNKI,Wanfang,and VIP)and six English databases(PubMed,Web of Science,Springer,Embase,SPORTDiscus,and PsycInfo)were searched by Meta analysis,and the literatures were included according to the literature screening and exclusion criteria.The quality assessment,data extraction and coding,heterogeneity test,publication bias test,and Meta subgroup analysis were performed.Result:(1)A total of 59 articles with 218 effect sizes were included in the meta-analysis.Mindfulness training had a large and significant effect size(Hedges’g=0.82,95%CI[0.53,1.12],p<0.01,I2=87%)on sport result.A large and significant effect size Hedges’g=0.87(95%CI[0.63,1.11],p<0.01,I2=78%)for physical ability;A large and significant effect size on physiological function Hedges’g=-1.68,(95%CI[-2.16,-1.21],p<0.01,I2=76%);The effect size for mental state was not significant Hedges’g=0.08(95%CI[-0.10,0.26],p=0.41,I2=88%).(2)Subgroup analysis of physical ability was performed,and 12 articles with 40 effect sizes were included.Mindfulness training had a large and significant effect size on strength(Hedges’g=0.92,95%CI[0.50,1.34],p<0.01,I2=82%).A large and significant effect size Hedges’g=0.74(95%CI[0.44,1.03],p<0.01,I2=38%)for balance ability;There was a large and significant effect size for endurance,(Hedges’g=1.18,95%CI[0.03,2.33],p=0.05,I2=87%);And a large and significant effect size Hedges’g=0.99(95%CI[0.39,1.59],p<0.01,I2=84%)for flexibility;There was a large but not significant effect size for flexibility Hedges’g=0.74(95%CI[-0.36,1.85],p=0.19,I2=84%).For speed,there was a moderate but not significant effect size,Hedges’g=0.57(95%CI[-0.38,1.52],p=0.24).(3)Subgroup analysis of physiological function was performed,and 12 articles with 21 effect sizes were included.The effect size of mindfulness training on heart rate was large and significantg Hedges’g=-1.78,(95%CI[-2.44,-1.11],p<0.01,I2=81%).There was a large and significant effect size Hedges’g=-1.81(95%CI[-2.75,-0.86],p<0.01,I2=68%)for blood lactate.A large and significant effect size Hedges’g=-1.23(95%CI[-2.34,-0.12],p=0.03,I2=71%)on blood urea nitrogen.(4)Subgroup analysis of psychological state was performed,and 43 articles with 120 effect sizes were included.The effect size of mindfulness training on mindfulness was large and significant(Hedges’g=-1.16,95%CI[0.82,1.51],p<0.01,I2=87%).A moderate and significant effect size Hedges’g=-0.62(95%CI[-0.90,-0.34],p<0.01,I2=76%)for anxiety;Moderate and significant effect size Hedges’g=0.65(95%CI[0.19,1.07],p<0.01,I2=86%)for attention;A large and significant effect size Hedges for fatigue(Hedges’g=-0.90,95%CI[-1.54,-0.26],p<0.01,I2=82%);The effect size for acceptance was not significant(Hedges’g=-0.19(95%CI[-0.83,0.44],p=0.55,I2=87%);Moderate and significant effect size Hedges’g=0.65(95%CI[0.30,0.96],p<0.01,I2=51%)for fluency status;A large and significant effect size Hedges’g=-0.89(95%CI[-1.37,-0.41],p<0.01,I2=47%)for tension;For depression,the effect size was not significant,Hedges’g=-0.56(95%CI[-1.16,0.04],p=0.07,I2=61%);There was a large and significant effect size for mood status(Hedges’g=-1.17,95%CI[-1.89,-0.44],p<0.01,I2=78%).For state confidence,the effect size was large but not significant,Hedges’g=0.78(95%CI[-0.11,1.66],p=0.08,I2=82%).The effect size for negative affect was not significant(Hedges’g=-0.28(95%CI[-0.86,0.29],p=0.34,I2=62%);A large and significant effect size Hedges’g=1.22(95%CI[0.14,2.30],p=0.03,I2=86%)for resilience;A large and significant effect size Hedges’g=0.90(95%CI[0.26,1.54],p<0.01)on psychological well-being;There was a large and significant effect size Hedges’g=2.31(95%CI[0.86,3.77],p<0.01 for positive affect.Conclusion:Mindfulness training can improve sport result and physical ability of athletes,improve physiological function and psychological state,and thus improve sport performance of athletes.