A Comparative Study Of Manchu Vocabulary In The Imperial Qing Dynasty Mirror And The Five-character Qing Dynasty Mirro

In terms of writing time,there is a gap of nearly a hundred years between the "Yu Zhi Qing Wen Jian"(1708)and the "Yu Zhi Wu Ti Qing Wen Jian"(1795).The differences in the inclusion of Manchu vocabulary objectively reflect the development and evolution of Manchu vocabulary in the Qing Dynasty.Firstly,in the evolution process from "Yu Zhi Qing Wen Jian" to "Yu Zhi Wu Ti Qing Wen Jian",not only did the names of "departments" and "categories" and their distribution of included words in "Yu Zhi Qing Wen Jian" change,but the latter added 4685 Manchu vocabulary to the former,replaced 709,and deleted 103,with most of the entries being "New Qing" vocabulary determined by the Qing Dynasty.Secondly,the "Yu Zhi Wu Ti Qing Wen Jian" added entries to the "Yu Zhi Qing Wen Jian",including Manchu inherent words,Chinese borrowed words,and Mongolian borrowed words,which include imitation word formation entries,condensed word formation entries,vowel alternation derived entries,and other rare special word formation structures in Manchu during the Qing Dynasty.Under the influence of semantic classification dictionaries,the words added in the "Yu Zhi Wu Ti Qing Wen Jian" exhibit multiple semantic relationships with the original vocabulary in the "Yu Zhi Wu Ti Qing Wen Jian",which share the same related semantics,vocabulary,or grammatical semantics.In addition,the replacement of the "Yu Zhi Wu Ti Qing Wen Jian" by the "Yu Zhi Wu Ti Qing Wen Jian" uses inherent words to replace inherent words,borrowed words to replace borrowed words,and inherent words to replace borrowed words.The replaced entries have different phonetic and semantic characteristics from the original entries.