| Territorial space serves as a crucial carrier for the construction of ecological civilization and high-quality socio-economic development,including production,living,ecology and other functions.Since the reform and opening up,the rapid urbanization and industrialization of China have precipitated substantial human interference in the ecological environment.This disturbance has impinged upon the sustainable utilization of land resources,subjecting the development and utilization of territorial space to unprecedented impacts and shocks.The Yellow River Basin,a significant ecological barrier and economic zone in China,confronts the dual pressures of development and conservation.As the implementation of ecological civilization and new urbanization strategies progress,conflicts among production,living,ecological functions of territorial space were intensifying.Therefore,it is of great significance to scientifically clarify the spatio-temporal pattern and tradeoff regulation of production-living-ecological space functional conflicts,which is also a hot topic in geography and land science.This study is grounded in the ecological preservation and high-quality developmental strategic requirements of the Yellow River Basin.The method of ecosystem service tradeoff/synergy is applied to explore the spatiotemporal pattern and driving mechanism of land use functional conflicts from the perspective of production-living-ecological functions tradeoff.Taking Shandong section of the Yellow River Basin as the research area,multi-source data such as land use,natural environment,and socio-economic statistical data,and the methods of In VEST model,spatial analysis and spatial statistics as well as geodetector model were used to construct a method system for identifying,classifying,and intensity measure of land use function conflicts,explore the spatio-temporal patterns and driving mechanisms of land use function conflicts in Shandong section of the Yellow River Basin.Moreover,an optimization strategy is proposed for land use function conflicts in the Shandong section of the Yellow River basin.The main conclusions are as follows :(1)Mathematical statistics,spatial analysis and the In VEST model were used to measure a comprehensive measure of land use functions.There were pronounced spatiotemporal discrepancies in the land use functions of the Shandong section of the Yellow River Basin during 2000-2020.The production function exhibited an overall trend of initial increase followed by a decline.The high-value areas were primarily distributed in economically developed urban areas such as Lixia District and Dongming County,as well as counties(cities or districts)with a high agricultural output value.The living function showed an overall trend of initial elevation and subsequent reduction,with high-value areas concentrated in urban areas with a high degree of urbanization and population density,such as Licheng District and Zhangdian District,along with areas adjacent to main roads.The ecological function showed an overall trend of initial decreasing and then increasing.High-value areas were predominantly located in hilly and mountainous regions in the central part such as Boshan District,Yiyuan County,and Daiyue District.Meanwhile,lowvalue areas were concentrated in urban centers such as Lixia District and Rencheng District,and along roadsides.(2)Spatial auto-correlation analysis and trend analysis were used to explore the spatial and temporal differentiation characteristics and laws of land use function conflicts.From 2000 to 2020,the types and intensity of land use function conflicts in Shandong section of the Yellow River Basin displayed noticeable spatial differences.The types of conflicts include five types: agricultural-non-agricultural production function conflict,production-living function conflict,production-ecological function conflict,livingecological function conflict and production-living-ecological function conflict.Land use function conflicts were predominantly micro and mild,while moderate and severe conflicts were primarily found in economically developed city centers such as Lixia District,Rencheng District,and Yuncheng County,as well as in the western plain areas.On the grid scale,the overall conflict intensity of land use functions was relatively low.Severe conflict areas were clustered in the core areas of cities and major counties,including Shizhong District of Jinan City,Lixia District,and Rencheng District of Jining City.On the county scale,the overall conflict intensity presented a pattern of being higher in the center and lower around the edges,with severe conflict areas mainly distributed in the urban area of Jinan City and its surrounding regions,covering areas such as Shizhong District of Jinan City,Tianqiao District,Lixia District,Jiyang County,and Boshan District.(3)Spatial econometric regression and geodetector model were used to explore the driving factors relevant to the spatio-temporal differentiation of land use function conflicts.From 2000 to 2020,the spatio-temporal differentiation of land use function conflicts in the Shandong section of the Yellow River Basin was influenced by a combination of natural environment,geographic location,socio-economic,and regional policy factors.Natural environment and topographic location factors such as elevation,NDVI,distance from the nearest township center,and distance from the nearest town center were key drivers of the spatio-temporal differentiation of land use function conflicts on the grid scale.Socioeconomic and regional policy factors,including the proportion of construction land,land reclamation rate,population density,economic density,and per land fixed asset investment,had a strong explanatory power for the spatio-temporal differentiation of land use function conflicts at the county scale.The interaction between these driving factors demonstrated dual-factor enhancement and nonlinear enhancement effects.(4)Through bivariate spatial auto-correlation analysis,it was revealed that there were tradeoff/synergy 2000 to 2020 relationships between land use functions in Shandong section of the Yellow River Basin during 2000-2020.The production-living functions were primarily synergy,with high-high synergy areas chiefly found in city centers and major county urban areas,while low-low synergy areas concentrated in the Yellow River Delta and the central Taiyi mountain region.The production-ecological functions were largely characterized by a tradeoff relationship,with low-high tradeoff areas chiefly located in the central Taiyi mountain region,and high-low tradeoff areas scattered around various cities and main county towns.The living-ecological functions also demonstrated a tradeoff relationship,where low-high tradeoff areas were mainly found in the mountainous and hilly areas within the boundaries of Jinan,Zibo,Tai ’an,and Jining,and high-low tradeoff areas were dispersed around various city and county urban areas.The spatial clustering characteristics of the tradeoff/synergy relationship between agricultural-non-agricultural production functions were significant,with low-low synergy areas shifting to the western plain region,and high-low balance areas significantly expanding.(5)Based on the tradeoff/synergy relationships of land production,living,and ecological functions,as well as the types and intensity of land use function conflicts,the Shandong section of the Yellow River Basin was partitioned into four functional areas:agricultural production zone,urban core development zone,urban-rural optimized development zone,and ecological protection zone.These partitions enable zoning regulation of land use function conflicts.Finally,the comprehensive optimization strategies for land use function conflicts were proposed from the perspectives of land resource allocation,industrial structure adjustment,spatial population distribution,and economic development transformation. 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