A Study Of Exclamatory Sentences In The Eastern Han Dynasty

Exclamatory sentence is one of the four sentence categories in Chinese,and its main function is to express the speaker’s subjective emotion and attitude.Many achievements have been made in the study of Modern Chinese exclamatory sentences,but the dating study of exclamatory sentences is still weak.The Eastern Han Dynasty,a transitional period from ancient Chinese to middle Chinese,plays an important role in Chinese history.Based on the Eastern Han literature with a high degree of colloquialism,such as HanShu,LunHeng and FengSuTongYi,this paper focuses on the marked types of exclamatory sentences in the Eastern Han Dynasty,makes a thorough discussion and detailed analysis of the formal characteristics,semantic types and pragmatic functions of exclamatory sentences,and then outlines the overall appearance and characteristics.This paper is divided into the following several parts:The introduction expounds the research object and significance,reviews the research situation of Chinese exclamatory sentence especially the Ancient Chinese exclamatory sentence,clarifies the research methods and introduces the research materials.The first chapter discusses the exclamatory sentences marked by exclamations in Eastern Han Dynasty.Exclamatory sentences can be divided into those that use single exclamation and those that use combined exclamations.It is found that the member of the exclamation and the use frequency decreases,while the writing style tends to be standardized.Pragmatically,it can be used to arouse the object or summarize the content of exclamation.In terms of emotional orientation,the exclamations covers three types:pointing to oneself,pointing to the other party,and pointing to the content of discourse.The second chapter discusses the exclamatory sentences marked by modal words in Eastern Han Dynasty.Modal exclamatory sentences can be divided into those that use single modal word and those that use combined modal words.It is found that the exclamation intensity of modal sentences is related to the syntactic form,showing a decreasing trend on the whole,that is,"adjective+ modal" sentence>"noun+modal" sentence>"subjectpredicate phrase+modal" sentence.Chapter three discusses the exclamatory sentences marked by adverbs in Eastern Han Dynasty.Adverbial exclamatory sentences can be divided into modal adverb exclamation and adverb of degree exclamation.Among them,the modal adverbs include "unexpected"category and "emphasis on affirmation" category,and the adverbs of degree indicate a deep degree of magnitude.The semantic direction of adverbs is the headword they modify.The fourth chapter discusses the special structure of the exclamatory sentences in Eastern Han Dynasty.In this chapter,the special structure of the exclamation is divided into predicate prepositional exclamatory sentence,single-word exclamatory sentence and superimposed exclamatory sentence.Combined with the structure characteristics of each type,they were investigated and described.The fifth chapter discusses the atypical exclamatory sentences in Eastern Han Dynasty.Atypical exclamatory sentences can be divided into two types:those borrowed from interrogative sentences and those borrowed from declarative sentences.Their formal characteristics and semantic conditions are discussesed in this chapter.The sixth chapter summarizes the general characteristics of exclamatory sentences in Eastern Han Dynasty.It is found that there are various types of exclamation markers in this period,and their members have changed compared with ancient Chinese.The emotional type is variety,and there is a certain tendency in the choice of sentence pattern.The intensity of exclamations showed a hierarchical differentiation.On the whole,exclamatory sentence in Eastern Han Dynasty not only inherit the ancient Chinese,but also reflect the characteristics of middle Chinese,which laid the foundation for its future development.The last part is the conclusion.While reviewing the research content and summarizing the development characteristics of exclamatory sentences in the Eastern Han Chinese,the paper points out the shortcomings and the direction in the future.