Research On "Hwangdangseon" That Drifted To The Korean Peninsula During The Jiajing Period (1522-1566)

During the Jiajing period of the Ming Dynasty,with the development of shipbuilding technology and the spread of maritime knowledge,and despite the Ming court’s policy of prohibiting the use of the sea,many coastal people went to sea in defiance of the ban for the sake of huge profits,and so drifting incidents occurred frequently.Due to the Japanese pirates problem of the Jiajing period,the drifting incidents of this period were so complex that the phrase "Hwangdangseon",referring to unidentified drifting ships found in Joseon,also appears in Korean historical sources.With the development of the situation against the Japanese pirates and the awakening of the Joseon national consciousness,the policy towards the Drifters in Joseon Dynasty also underwent a major shift during the Jiajing period.On the basis of the results of research,this paper defines the "Hwangdangseon" and analyses the appearance of the "Hwangdangseon" in the waters around the Korean peninsula during the Jiajing period,the number of arrivals and the identity of the people on board,in order to sort out the drift.And divides the Joseon government’s policies into three time periods: the early period(1522-1544),the transitional period(1545-1551),and the late period(1552-1566),based on the different policies of the Joseon government in dealing with the "Hwangdangseon".It then explores the transformation of Joseon’s foreign policy from treating Ming Danasty with the utmost sincerity,to "Serving the Ming Dynasty" and "Making friends with neighbours" in parallel,taking into account the specific case of the "Hwangdangseon" drifting in different periods.This transformation was reflected in its handling of the issue of "Hwangdangseon",from initially preferential treatment and return of drifting Chinese to a "do not make landfall" policy that prohibited "Hwangdangseon" from mooring and their crews from disembarking.The relationship between the drifting of the "Hwangdangseon" and the activities of the Japanese pirates is explored in the context of against the Japanese pirates during the Jiajing period.And it is useful to examine the relationship among Ming,Japan and Joseon Danasty during this period in the light of the different ways in which Joseon handled the issue of offer prisoners in the two events of the Ningbo Tribute Incident and 1554 Chinese and Japanese sailed together.