| Emotional and cognitive abilities play an important role for sports enthusiasts and high-level participants in competitive sports,especially in competitive sports,which have high demands on athletes’ physical and mental abilities.Every minute counts on the field,and athletes often need to quickly identify and integrate relevant information conducive to decision-making to make accurate judgments.In recent years,many studies have shown that emotion is not independent of cognition,and the regulating effect of emotion on cognitive function may occur through its influence on the cognitive center of working memory.The processing of the two not only interact,but also integrate their functions in terms of neural mechanism.Emotion will affect the cognitive processing of athletes.And then affect the cognitive and behavioral performance of athletes.At present,existing studies have explored the interaction between emotion,motor expertise and working memory,and explained the neural mechanism of their mutual influence.However,most studies focus on the encoding and extraction stage of working memory,and there is still a lack of experimental evidence for reasonable interpretation of the studies on maintenance stage,and the processing of maintenance stage directly affects the subsequent extraction stage.A more complete understanding of the neural mechanism of the interaction can be obtained by exploring the maintenance stage.Based on this,it is of great theoretical and practical significance to explore whether athletes have advantages in the representation accuracy of spatial working memory maintenance stage,and the influence of emotional titer on the representation accuracy of spatial working memory maintenance stage of athletes.It can not only enrich the empirical research in the field of sports expertise,but also can be useful for sports training and exercise process.It provides empirical evidence for athletes to grasp the spatial position and the necessity of emotion regulation.Based on previous studies,15 athletes at level 2 or above and 15 college students(non-athletes)were selected as experimental subjects in this study.Two experiments were conducted using EEG/ event-related potential(EEG/ERP)and time-frequency analysis techniques with high temporal resolution and delayed sample matching task.Experiment 1 discussed the difference in representation accuracy of spatial working memory between athletes and non-athletes under different memory loads and explored the characteristics of cerebral cortex activity and the difference of oscillating rhythm during maintenance phase.Experiment 2 discussed the influence of emotional titer on representation accuracy of spatial working memory between athletes and nonathletes under different memory loads.The characteristics of cerebral cortex activity and the difference of oscillatory rhythm in maintenance stage were also discussed.The behavioral results of experiment 1 showed that athletes and non-athletes had memory load dependence on representation accuracy of spatial working memory.Memory load increased,representation accuracy decreased,and the difference between the two groups was not significant.The results of EEG study in the maintenance stage showed that the memory loading effect in the parietal and occipital cortex of athletes and non-athletes was significant,and the group main effect was significant.Under high load,the amplitude of Negative Slow Wave(NSW)in the left side of the parietal region of athletes was significantly larger than that of non-athletes.Under medium load,the amplitude of NSW on the left and right sides of the parietal and occipital regions of athletes was significantly larger than that of non-athletes,and the average energy of alpha oscillation(8-12Hz)on the left side of the posterior parietal region was lower than that of non-athletes.Under low load,the amplitude of NSW on the left side of the parietal and occipital regions of athletes in the exercise group was significantly larger than that of non-athletes,and the average energy of alpha oscillation was lower than that of non-athletes.The behavioral results of experiment 2 showed that emotional valence had no significant effect on the representation accuracy of spatial working memory.The results of EEG study in the maintenance stage showed that under the condition of low and high memory load,the alpha nerve oscillating energy on the left and right sides of the occipital region was lower in the negative emotion than in the positive emotion,and only the alpha nerve oscillating energy on the left side of the occipital region was lower than in the positive emotion when the athletes were under medium load.Under the condition of high load negative emotion,the early N1 amplitude of athletes in the right side of the forehead was larger than that of non-athletes,the late LPP amplitude was smaller than that of non-athletes,and the average energy of alpha nerve oscillation in the occipital region was lower.In conclusion,this study draws the following conclusions:(1)The representation accuracy of spatial working memory of athletes is memory load dependent.(2)Under different load conditions,athletes have the advantage of cognitive resource allocation compared with non-athletes in spatial working memory maintenance stage,and the inhibitory effect is less under moderate and low load.(3)Under the condition of negative emotion,athletes need to consume more cognitive resources than positive emotion in the maintenance stage of spatial working memory representation.(4)Under the condition of high negative emotion load,athletes have the advantage of saving cognitive resources in the maintenance stage of spatial working memory representation compared with non-athletes and have stronger inhibition effect on irrelevant emotional stimuli. |
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