The Effects Of Positive Emotions And Motor Expertise On Cognitive Control

Based on the Dual Mechanisms of Cognitive control account,the paper adopts the classic AX-CPT paradigm and the emotional version of the AX-CPT paradigm,and firstly explores the characteristics and differences of cognitive control levels between athletes and ordinary college students through the behavioral performance of proactive control and reactive control when performing experimental tasks of cognitive control.Secondly,combined with the theory of emotional motivation dimension,the influence of positive emotions on active control and reactive control of high and low motivational intensity is examined from the motivational dimension of emotions,so as to supplement the problem of how positive emotions affect cognitive control.Finally,according to the results of active control and reactive control of athletes and ordinary college students in different emotional states,the optimal emotional state that can improve the cognitive control level of athletes is obtained,which provides corresponding basis for athletes and coaches to formulate emotional regulation training plans in the future.The study included a pre-experiment and two formal experiments,and a total of92 subjects who met the experimental conditions were screened.Firstly,the emotion-evoking materials were evaluated through pre-experiments to ensure that the selected pictures could effectively induce positive emotions of different approaches motivation intensities.Experiment 1 adopts a two-factor mixed experimental design of 2(sports specialty: expert,novice)× 4(letter sequence: AX,AY,BX,BY),and the expert group and the novice group are used repeated measures ANOVA when the correct rate and reaction of the four letter sequences.Experiment 2used 3(emotional type: high approximation motivation positive emotion,low approximation motivation positive emotion,neutral emotion)× 2(sports specialty:expert,novice)× 2(letter sequence: AY,BX)three-factor mixed experimental design,respectively,the expert group and the novice group under three emotional conditions on AY and BX accuracy and response time repeated measures ANOVA.At the same time,repeated measures ANOVA was performed on the initiative index of subjects in three mood types3(mood type: high approximation motivation positive emotion,low approximation motivation positive emotion,neutral emotion)×2(motor specialty: expert,novice).The results of experiment 1 found that there was no statistically significant difference between the expert group and the novice group in general cognitive ability(AX sequence),which excluded the influence of low-level cognitive function(simple brain processing speed)on the active control and reactive control of the two.Both the expert group and the novice group tended to use proactive control,and the level of reactive control of the expert group was better than that of the novice group.The results of experiment 2 show that positive emotions with high approximation motivational intensity are conducive to the improvement of reactive control level.From the results of the initiative index,the level of initiative control of the expert group is better than that of the novice group.Under positive emotional conditions with low approximation motivation intensity,the expert group had a better level of initiative control than the novice group;Compared with the positive emotions and neutral emotions with high approximation motivation intensity,the positive emotions with low approximation motivation were more conducive to the improvement of the active control level of the expert group.Conclusions:(1)In the cognitive control trade-off,athletes and ordinary college students prefer proactive control;(2)The level of reactivity control of athletes is better than that of ordinary college students;(3)Positive emotions with high approximation motivation intensity can improve the individual’s reactive control level to a certain extent;(4)Positive emotions and motor expertise of high and low approximation motivational intensity jointly affect cognitive control.Among them,under the positive emotional conditions of low approaching motivation intensity,the level of initiative control of athletes is better,and it is more conducive to forming good cognitive control,thereby improving the level of sports performance.