A Study On The Three Stone Statues Of The Northern Dynasty In Shandong

So far,there is no special master and doctor’s thesis on the Shandong Northern Dynasty back screen type three stone statues comprehensive and systematic research.Therefore,this paper carries out a comprehensive material collection,investigation and collation of three stone statues in the northern Dynasty of Shandong.The development of the three stone statues in the Northern Dynasty of Shandong is discussed from the perspectives of type division,stages,characteristics and origin.There are 53 back-screen stone statues of the Northern Dynasty in Shandong Province,28 chronological statues and 25 non-chronological statues.Firstly,through the method of archeological typology,this batch of statues are divided into five types.Type A 12,the main is double collar pendant cassock,cassock right collar skirt to the left elbow,the lower end of the skirt extended,with a lacing on the chest.Type B 10,the main respect double collar pendent type cassock,cassock right collar skirt skirt to the left elbow,vertical lower hem,with a lacing on the chest.Type C 3,the main respect of the shoulders of the cassock,cassock right collar skirt to the left shoulder,the lower end of the skirt extended,with a lace-up on the chest.Type D 15,the main respect through the shoulders of the cassock,cassock right collar skirt to the left shoulder,the lower end of the vertical skirt,the chest with lace.Type E 13.The main respect shoulder cassock,cassock right collar skirt to the left shoulder,the lower end of the skirt vertical,no lace in the chest.And the dating of the undated statues is determined.Secondly,according to the evolution law of these statues can be divided into four stages.The first period of the late Northern Wei Dynasty,AD 500-534.The second Eastern Wei Period,535-550 AD.Early third period of the Northern Qi Dynasty,551-558 AD.The fourth period of the late Northern Qi Dynasty,559-577 AD.The first phase of the statue,the back screen decoration is rich,Feitian clothing is simple,the main dignity of the thick and wide kasaya,the pattern of carved traces heavy,and willing to print,fearless print.In the second phase of the statue,inverted dragon appears on the back screen,the main statue has a high flesh bun protrudes,and the face is thin.The cassock is divided into two types: the left elbow and the bare-chest-shoulder style.The inverted dragon appears between the main statue and the flanking Bodhisattva,and the transition from low relief to high relief.In the third phase,the flesh bun of the main Buddha changes from high to low,the face of the Bodhisattva becomes beautiful,the clothing and decoration become exquisite and complicated,and the inverted dragon changes from high relief to transparent carving,from small to large.The mouth spits lotus,lotus leaves and lotus core to form a base,lifting the left and right Erisattva.The fourth phase of the statue,the Lord’s face is round,thin clothing,clothing patterns are not depicted,the Bodhisattva’s clothing gorgeous complex,gem fine.The pedestal is covered by the rosette or the lotus is spat out from the dragon’s mouth,and the lotus protects the pedestal.Thirdly,the biggest characteristic of the three stone statues in the northeast of the mountains is the dragon pattern on the back screen,located between the main statue and the two side Bodhisattva.The low relief gradually resembles the high relief transition,beautifully carved.The three stone statues in Shandong first came from the Buddhist art of Gendra in India,Secondly,it was influenced by the local early gold-copper Buddha statues in Shandong Province,and the surrounding areas of Henan and Hebei as well as the gold-copper Buddha statues in the Southern Dynasty.It is a style of statues produced under the comprehensive influence.