| Objectives:To study the patterns and characteristics of aging and the trajectory of changes in visuospatial memory in middle-aged and elderly people;to explore the factors affecting visuospatial memory in middle-aged and elderly people.Methods:1423 normal middle-aged and elderly people were included to complete the General Conditions Questionnaire and the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised.The data were collated and entered into SPSS 26.0 for data analysis.Analysis of variance and regression analysis were used to study the patterns and characteristics of aging and the trajectory of changes in visuospatial memory in middle-aged and elderly people as well as the differences in demographic variables and the influencing factors.Results:（1）Visuospatial memory in middle-aged and elderly people basically showed a decreasing trend with age,with visuospatial working memory decreasing from 23.35 to 6.10,visuospatial delayed free recall decreasing from 8.93 to 2.10,and visuospatial delayed recognition discrimination index decreasing from 5.43 to 3.45.（2）The results of the three-way completely randomized analysis of covariance found significant main effects of age group(F（8,1383）=30.420,p<0.001,ηp2=0.150)and education level(F（1,1383）=21.490,p<0.001,ηp2=0.015)for visuospatial working memory,with low education level middle-aged and elderly people had significantly lower visuospatial working memory scores than middle-aged and older adults with higher levels of education,and the main effect of gender was not significant（p>0.05）.The interactions between age group and gender,age group and education level,and gender and education level were not significant（p>0.05）,nor was the triple interaction between age group,gender and education level（p>0.05）.The main effect of age group for visuospatial delayed free recall was significant(F（8,1383）=24.253,p<0.001,ηp2=0.123),the main effect of education level was significant(F（1,1383）=33.978,p<0.001,ηp2=0.024),middle-aged and older adults with low levels of education scored significantly lower on visuospatial delayed free recall than middle-aged and older adults with high levels of education,with a non-significant main effect of gender（p>0.05）.The interactions between age group and gender,age group and education level,and gender and education level were not significant（p>0.05）,nor was the triple interaction between age group,gender and education level（p>0.05）.The main effect of age group for the visuospatial delayed recognition discrimination index was significant(F（8,1383）=7.462,p<0.001,ηp2=0.041),the main effect of education level was significant(F（1,1383）=15.395,p<0.001,ηp2=0.011),and the visuospatial delayed recognition discrimination index was significantly lower for middle-aged and older adults with low education levels than for those with high education levels.lower than that of middle-aged and older adults with high levels of education,with a non-significant main effect of gender（p>0.05）.The interactions between age group and gender,age group and education level,and gender and education level were not significant（p>0.05）,nor was the triple interaction between age group,gender and education level（p>0.05）.（3）Regression analysis revealed that the factors influencing visuospatial working memory in middle-aged and older adults were:age（X1）,education level（X3）,domicile（X7）and marital status（X5）,F（4,1418）=151.814,p<0.001,R2=0.300,regression equation was Y=23.094-1.786X1+4.711X3-2.262X5-2.276X7;factors affecting delayed visuospatial free recall in middle-aged and older adults were:age（X1）,education level（X3）,occupation（X4）,marital status（X5）and sleep status（X6）,F（5,1417）=107.772,p<0.001,R2=0.276,regression equation was Y=6.002-0.660X1+2.169X3-0.662X4-0.739X5+0.536X6;factors affecting delayed visuospatial recognition memory in middle-aged and older adults were:age（X1）,education level（X3）,marital status（X5）,domicile（X7）and gender（X2）,F（5,1417）=42.678,p<0.001,R2=0.131,regression equation was Y=5.555-0.162X1+0.185 X2+0.509X3-0.528X5-0.291X7.Conclusions:（1）The cross-sectional comparison shows that visuospatial memory basically tends to decline continuously with age in middle and old age,and the rate of decline of different indicators varies at different ages.（2）There are many factors influencing visuospatial memory in middle-aged and older people,and an active and socially integrated lifestyle in middle-aged and older people can prevent the decline of visuospatial memory,suggesting that active health interventions can be carried out for middle-aged and older people. |
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