A Study On Dialect Words In Hainan’s Local Chronicles

The research took the local chronicles and dialects in the county and above in Hainan Province as the object,and collected 52 new local records and old local records,as well as 304 old records and 4758 new records.Then established the "Hainan Dialect Words in the Chronicles Database".The dissertation mainly discussed from the perspectives of dialect material description;synchronic comparison with Mandarin;vocabulary comparison with several dialect points of inland Fujian;language contact.Hainan old local chronicles had a small number of dialect words,which were generally classified under "customs",and the meanings were mostly agricultural and kinship appellations.New local chronicles dialect materials involved phonetics,vocabulary and grammar.59.3% of New local chronicles included phonetics and vocabulary,and 22.2% of New local chronicles included grammar.In terms of the arrangement of dialect words,48.2% of New local chronicles arranged dialect words according to meaning,and 18.5% of New local chronicles used Mandarin as the headword,followed by local dialect and minority language words.In terms of notation,64.3% of New local chronicles adopted the "International Phonetic Alphabet",and 14.3% of New local chronicles adopted the "Hainan Pinyin Scheme".In terms of word usage,52.9% of the new records did not specify the principle of the characters to be used,and 23.5% of the local records only used the International Phonetic to indicate the pronunciation,without the word form.In terms of interpretation,"synonym interpretation" was the main way(97.6%).In the vocabulary comparison chapter,we used quantitative and qualitative methods and told the differences in word formation and meaning between the dialect words and the Mandarin words.Differences in word formation included phonetics and morphemes.Phonetics: we describes the correspondence between each small dialect word and the Mandarin word single,double,and three syllables.We discussed the difference between the reduplicated and non-redundant sounds of dialect words and Mandarin words.Morphology: The differences in morpheme selection,morpheme order and affixes were analyzed.In terms of morpheme selection,the Xundu morphemes of dialects had a strong advantage in word creation.In terms of morpheme order,there were 142 words in the database,10.9% of them were in reverse order,and 89.1% in reverse order and structure.Those words which were in reverse order and structure can be divided into two open types,"morpheme + 囝" and "animal morpheme + gender morpheme".On the affixes,the correspondence between the dialect affixes "囝","阿","妚" and "头" and the Mandarin words were described,as well as the function of the affixes.In terms of word meaning differences,we used the micro-theory of lexical semantics semantics,taking the homographs of dialect and Mandarin as example,comparing and analyzing the difference in meaning value and semantic domain between dialects and Mandarin.In the chapter on vocabulary comparison,we screened 663 words and compared the similarities and differences of Wenchang,Xiamen,Chaozhou and Leizhou dialects.By counting the number of identical entries in each dialect,we can examine the similarity of vocabulary in each dialect,so as to provide a basis for the division of Min dialect from the lexical level.The results of the discussion can basically confirm the division of the Min dialect in the "Chinese Language Atlas(2012)".Based on the results,we believed that the differences of the four dialect words outweigh their commonalities.Language contact is not only reflected at the lexical part,but also at the semantic part.The research on language contact mainly started from three aspects: dialect word loan,foreign language loan word and kinship appellation system.In terms of the loan of dialect words,the thesis started with the dialect common words across different dialect regions.We campared the Min dialects words of Hainan local chronicles and Character-Words of Yue Dialect,summarizing 7 words which Hainan borrowed from Yue Dialect.We campared the Hainan Mai dialects words with Min dialects words of Hainan local chronicles,Yue Dialect and Hakka Dialect,summarizing 15 words which Mai dialect borrowed from Hainan Min dialect.In terms of foreign language loanwords,the thesis introduced 9 foreign language loanwords in Hainan Chronicle based on the historical and cultural background.In terms of kinship appellation system,four similar types of kinship appellation systems in the Hainan Chinese dialects Min dialect,Danzhou dialect,and minority languages Lingao dialect,Li dialect were described.The similar kinship appellation pattern reflected the deep influence of minority language on Chinese dialects to some extent.