The Reverse Word Length Effect In Multi-word Utterance Production In Developmental Stutterer

Developmental stuttering is a widely discussed language fluency disorder characterized by a person having a clear understanding of what they want to express when speaking,but having difficulty expressing their thoughts due to repetition,prolongation,or pauses.The research on its mechanism mainly focuses on the mismatch between the planning and execution processes.However,it is currently unclear how this mismatch affects stuttering.One reason is that the plan breadth of non stutterers can be adjusted in real-time based on changes in word length,leading to the anti word length effect.Among them,the word length effect refers to the fact that for a polysyllabic word,if non stutterers extract all the syllables of the word before making the sound and perform motion coding in order,the planning time required for long words will be greater than that for short words,manifested in an increase in response time.On the contrary,for non stutterers,the first word being a monosyllabic word takes longer to plan than the first word being a polysyllabic word,which is known as the anti word length effect.Can the resulting effect indicate that stutterers,like non stutterers,can adjust in real-time based on word length? So this study explores whether the breadth of developmental stutterers’ plans is improperly adjusted based on the mismatch problem?To clarify this issue,this study employed a multi word discourse generation task to manipulate the word length of the first image noun,which was divided into single word words,double word words,and three word words;We will also manipulate the difficulty of naming the second image,and combine eye movement technology to use naming latency and gaze time as indicators to test whether stutterers have improper real-time adjustment of plan breadth.The study also used the Degree of Stuttering Rating Scale(OASES),combined with the Stuttering Rating Standard(SSI-4),to screen out a total of 19 adult stutterers.At the same time,22 non stuttering adults who matched their age,gender,and educational years were selected,using 2(subject types: stutterers,non stutterers)× 3(Word length: single word,double word,three word)× Design of a mixed experiment for 2(difficulty: difficult words,easy words).Including two experiments.In Experiment 1,participants were required to quickly and accurately name and present two consecutive images in parallel.By analyzing the naming latency,we found that the Main effect of word length was significant,and the interaction between word length and subject type was significant.Conclusion: Non stutterers exhibit the anti word length effect when producing multi word discourse.In Experiment 2,participants were asked to quickly and accurately describe the two images presented using the phrase structure of "N2 to the right of N1".The intervention of the additional word "N2 to the right" can reduce and eliminate the anti word length effect at the beginning of the speech.By analyzing the naming latency,we found that the Main effect of word length was significant,and the interaction between word length and subject type was significant.Conclusion:The long-term effect of antonyms in non stuttering individuals should disappear.And in Experiment 1 and Experiment 2,compared with non stutterers,there were differences in the production of multi word discourse among stutterers.The conclusion indicates that non stutterers and stutterers have inconsistent regulatory strategies.The conclusions of this study can provide the following suggestions for speech fluency in stutterers:(1)The inhibitory control of stutterers is relatively weak.During training,one can consciously exercise their ability to suppress and control to improve language fluency;(2)Slow down and ensure sufficient preparation time for speaking;(3)Use methods such as reading aloud and following through for speech training to improve language fluency.