Research On Schiller’s View Of Time In Aesthetics

Time is a basic problem in the field of aesthetics.Modernity is divided into linear time and individual life time.Under the mutual opposition and conflict of the two kinds of time,if linear time represents the scientific and rational power of enlightening modernity,individual life time forms a revolutionary alliance with aesthetic modernity,preventing human society from entering the era of instrumental rationality.As a pioneer in the criticism of aesthetic modernity,Schiller made a unique exposition on the issue of timeliness in his reflection on enlightenment modernity,and his view of time was scattered in his poems and works of aesthetic theory.In the 17 th century,Germany was in the dual political dilemma of national division and feudal autocracy.The aristocratic class was arrogant and extravagant,and the civic class was lazy and weak.Schiller felt very indignant about this.After the French Revolution in the 18 th century,Schiller lost confidence in solving social problems by violent revolution,and instead looked forward to perfecting human nature by aesthetics,so that the alienated human nature of reality could be upgraded to the ideal human nature of freedom,and the natural country could be transformed into an aesthetic country.Schiller’s criticism of aesthetic modernity went deep into the time level,and inspired by the "dispute between ancient and modern" in France,he tried to reconcile the contradiction between tradition and modernity,physical time and life time,and established his own aesthetic time system.Schiller’s view of time in aesthetics is very thoughtful and dialectical,reflecting the internal tension,which can be discussed from two perspectives: objective linear time and individual life time.From the perspective of objective linear time,the whole history of the country has always shown a linear development trend.On the one hand,the linear development of social historical time plays an obvious role in promoting the process of social civilization;on the other hand,linear time occupies too much of individual life time,which brings many social problems to be solved urgently.From the point of view of individual life time,Schiller emphasized the eternal concept of no time.Time broke the limited time limit and gained spiritual freedom.Schiller thinks that the whole human history and social time order are advancing in a spiral cycle,and the spiral cycle time represents the running law of the natural universe,which slows down the inexorable development of linear time,makes the natural universe consciousness return to the vision of human social life,and reshapes the public’s concept of life time.At the same time,Schiller asked the subject to pay attention to the individual’s inner consciousness time,let the fast-moving public time stay and trace back in the individual’s inner consciousness,and make the individual think about himself and the world around him in the hubbub,face up to his own perceptual experience and emotional needs,and look for the real value of life.Schiller entrusted the dual tasks of reshaping German spirit,individual life freedom and human nature perfection to the aesthetic game time,so that the timeliness sensibility and the timeless rationality could move simultaneously and complement each other,and the contradiction between individual moral standards and perceptual needs,social material development and individual spiritual freedom could be reconciled.Schiller’s view of time,which preaches the will to life and freedom and rationality,has been echoed in modern and post-modern thoughts.Nietzsche’s "Eternal Reincarnation" contains the concepts of individual’s inner consciousness time and spiral cycle time,pays attention to individual’s inner transcendence at every moment,and establishes an irrational value system full of sensibility,creativity and variability.Heidegger integrated objective linear time and aesthetic game time into the thinking of "poetic dwelling",encouraged the public to establish an inner world of selflessness,calmness and creativity,and put forward his own scheme for constructing a way of life to realize the meaning of individual life.Schiller’s view of time in aesthetics discusses the irrationality of social time order from the perspective of timeliness,and puts forward his own solutions.It not only appreciates the progressive significance of linear time under the development of scientific rationality,but also confirms the value of individual life time in the crisis of social alienation,which embodies strong national spirit and humanistic spirit.Schiller foresaw the destruction of social moral values and the gradual decline of subjective consciousness in the future world.Therefore,even in the 21 st century,his view of time still reflects the critical power of aesthetic modernity,which plays an important role in realizing the common and harmonious development of the individual and the outside world.