| The Shiji spread to the Ming and Qing Dynasties,forming a huge group of literature and diverse reading groups.The research around the Records of the Grand Historian has been fruitful,and continuously extended in depth and breadth.The investigation of the Records of the Grand Historian in the cultural context of the Ming and Qing Dynasties can reveal the real existence state of the classics to a certain extent.The collection of books in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,from official collection to private collection,especially in the Song and Yuan Dynasties,the Ming and Qing Dynasties,a large number of books scattered out of the Yangtze,the Mao,Ji and other precious editions of the Song Dynasty Shij are also in the hands of different book collectors.In the late Qing Dynasty,Yang’s Haiyuan Pavilion(海源阁)"Si Jing Si Shi Zhai"(四经四史斋)and Liu’s"Si Shi Zhai"(四史斋)edition of the Song Dynasty.In order to cater to the bibliophile to grab huge interests,books of fake Song and Yuan Dynasty shiji,and its false way is also emerge in endlessly,fake celebrity seal,marks,such as the most common,the Ming dynasty song yuan shiji often pretend to be old,including"Jia Jing San Ke"(嘉靖三刻)(Jintai Wang Liang,Zhenze Wang Yanzhe,Qin fan)and You Ming in the most popular with bookseller.Under the case of the whole edition of the Song and Yuan Dynasties,it was initiated by one person and imitated by many families,which became a unique collection culture.In the literati group of the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the social presentation mode of the Shiji has become diverse.The precious version of the Shiji has gained a formal meaning to break through the content of the book itself,and is endowed with the connotation of "human feelings" and circulated.Among the different groups of literati,Social communication around the Shiji presents different focuses,With Mo Youzhi as the center of the Zeng Guofan shogunate group under a strong sense of historical responsibility,Mutual borrowing,seeking and purchasing rare books,surveying and printing,and publishing the Historian have become a conscious mission pursuit,The Shiji is a microcosm of the ancient classic documents in a turbulent society,The group of bibliophiles with Miao Quan Sun as the center,Based on a love for collecting books,The identification of the version of Shiji is undoubtedly one of the most concerned issues for collectors,And the recognized appraisal opinion of all scholars represents a kind of cultural authority,Gathering together is one of the most common communication activities between groups,But the gathering between collectors is often accompanied by a display of their books,Adding to the cultural imprint of the unique book collector,The mortgage of the Shiji also indicates that the collection of books will not be lost eventually.In the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the overall reading appearance of the Shiji was closely linked with the imperial examination(科举).Under the guidance of the industry,the reading mentality has changed greatly.Fangao(房稿)and Shiwen(时文)have become an important tool for scholars to recite day and night to seek official progress,while the traditional classics and history reading is greatly impacted.Although the imperial examination required scholars to read a wide range of classics,especially for the two or three examinations,the lack of attention of the examiners and the simplification of the examination questions themselves to some extent eliminated the original intention of the system design.In the specific reading activities of the Shij,ordinary scholars have diverse choices of reading texts,but they often read the excerpts for convenience.Among them,the selection of ancient Chinese characters has problems such as random cutting,cutting and unselective.In the way of reading by the scholars,he took the emphasis on the literary aspect of the Shiji,which the Qing Dynasty people criticized.Therefore,some people of insight emphasize the reading of the original Shij on the one hand,on the other hand,and on the other hand,give guidance on the specific reading methods.The reading group of the Ming and Qing Dynasties can be discussed from three groups with obvious characteristics.One is since the middle and late Ming dynasty of the scholars,in the seven years of literature movement restoring ancient ways,Shiji reading attention,on the one hand,makes the scholar in the shackles of the imperial examination reading horizon,represented by Shiji of the Qin and Han Dynasties,to some extent,improve the style of study,but on the other hand and inevitably into the plagiarism copy the Shiji word,reading way on cash as a kind of"being eaten alive"(生吞活剥),with class type arrangement Shiji words,mixed in article to work for restoring ancient ways.The second is the scholars in the middle and late Qing Dynasty.One of the popular ways of reading the Shiji is the recording of the return of comments.On the one hand,the emergence of this reading mode comes from the style of textual research.Scholars attach importance to the collection of various materials related to the text of the Shiji as the source of collation.On the other hand,the literary classic status of the Shiji gradually formed in the Qing Dynasty,and the important auxiliary role of comments in reading also prompted scholars to record comments in reading.Three is the Ming and Qing talented women(才媛)group,since the late Ming scholars women to a certain extent broke through the traditional"Too much learning does not become a woman"(女子无才便是德)concept,the understanding of women more prominent"talent"on the one hand,for women’s education problem also more attention,these factors are for the emergence of talented women laid the social and cultural foundation.The reading vision of the talent ladies broke through the limitation of female teaching and gradually spread throughout the Jing and Shi(经史),highlighting representatives such as Gu Ruopu,Qian Mengdian,Li Wanfang,etc.Gu was more praised by Wang Shizhen and her contemporaries for her ancient prose,and Li Wanfang became the only woman in the history of the review of the Shiji. |
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