An Ethical Review On Artificial Intelligence Moral Enhancement

Compared with the continuous progress of science and technology,the moral level of human beings progresses slowly.In modern society,the limitation of human morality has exposed more and more deficiencies and problems.The concept of enhancement comes from the human expectation of continuous self-improvement,while moral enhancement is the improvement of moral motivation.Moral enhancement can refer to both traditional ways of moral indoctrination and technological means to improve human morality.Applying biomedical technology to enhance moral level is a major technological way,which can be divided into drug method and non-drug method.However,biomedical technology has problems of safety,moral emotion complexity and medicalization challenge.Due to the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology and its present a huge potential,some scholars hope to use artificial intelligence to accomplish moral enhancement.There are three main ways in artificial intelligence for moral enhancement.The strong moral machine regards artificial intelligence as a moral subject and hands over all moral decisions of human beings to the machine.Although it can ensure that every moral decision of the machine can be executed by human,it directly deprives moral autonomy of human beings.This approach can be understood as a thorough mean Moral artificial intelligence is based on ambient intelligence and helps human beings make moral decisions by summarizing and collecting all kinds of information.One typical application is moral adviser,who provides moral suggestions to people based on individual moral standards.On this basis,ethical AI will act as a kind of ideal observer.Artificial Intelligence as a Socratic Assistant for Moral Enhancement emphasizes the interaction between human and machine,which is similar to the inspiration of Socrates to others.On the one hand,it emphasizes the user’s participation in moral decision-making.On the other hand,it provide a chance to train moral logic and reasoning ability of human.When any new technology shows its huge application prospects and technological advantages,it is inevitable that some potential risks and problems will emerge.Therefore,for the moral enhancement of artificial intelligence,how to distinguish its ethical challenges and make corresponding value reflection is crucial for the future development of this technology.Firstly,moral decision of artificial intelligence is an application of artificial intelligence technology in essence,but artificial intelligence technology itself has certain moral hazard.Secondly,human beings have diverse and contradictory attitudes towards moral decisions made by artificial intelligence,and they may even be unwilling to accept moral suggestions or decisions made by artificial intelligence.In the end,artificial intelligence becomes the scapegoat for human moral corruption.Therefore,from the moral hazard of artificial intelligence technology and people on the two angles of the moral decision attitude,we can go up the root of reflection for moral decision-making philosophy challenges brought by the artificial intelligence,the artificial intelligence moral enhancement reflects a kind of moral tendency of calculation,and the technology completely ruled out the human moral emotion.This has led to criticism of moral sentimentalism.We need to pay attention to the risks and problems of artificial intelligence morality enhancement.According to the AI4People(AI For people),the design and construction of artificial intelligence should meet the principles of autonomy,non-maleficence,beneficence,justice and explicability,and the application of artificial intelligence technology should follow the AI4SG(AI For Social Good),the application of artificial intelligence technology is to promote human moral progress,so as to achieve the improvement of social welfare.Based on these two principles,on the one hand,we need to focus on the ethical design in order to solve "bootstrap" of moral artificial intelligence.On the other hand,to strengthen the technical specification and supervision of artificial intelligence is a crucial way to promote social progress and create a good social.