A Study Of The Phonetic Changes In Different Texts Of Laozi On Bamboo And Silk

The bamboo manuscript of Laozi include The Bamboo Slips from the Chu Tomb in Guodian and The Bamboo Slips of the Han Dynasty Collected by Peking University,the silk book of Laozi include Laozi A and B Excavated from Tombs of Han Dunasty in Ma Wangdui.The research object of this thesis is the variant characters in these unearthed Laozi.Variant characters refer to the differences in the use of characters and other aspects in different editions of the same text.In this thesis,it refers to the differences in the use of characters,words,sentences,and other aspects in the same context to record the same meaning in Wang Bi edition of Laozi and in The Bamboo Slips of the Han Dynasty Collected by Peking University,The Silk Book Laozi A and B Excavated from Tombs of Han Dunasty in Ma Wangdui,and The Bamboo Slips from the Chu Tomb in Guodian.The variant characters related to phonetic changes mainly include the interchangeable characters in various versions and the variant characters formed by changing phonetic symbols.There are 142 groups of variants related to sound changes in Lao Zi in The Bamboo Slips from the Chu Tomb in Guodian,187 groups of variants related to sound changes in The First Edition Silk book of Lao Zi,185 groups in The Second Edition,185 groups of phonetic related variants in The Bamboo Slips of the Han Dynasty Collected by Peking University.Most of the interchangeable characters in The Silk Book of Laozi A and B are the same,but the characters used in The Silk Book of A are closer to The Bamboo Slips from the Chu Tomb in Guodian than The Silk Book of B,and the characters used in The Bamboo Slips of the Han Dynasty Collected by Peking University are closer to Wang Bi edition of Laozi.Compared with the phonology of Guangyun,the phonetic changes reflected in the variations of Laozi on bamboo slips and silk include:In the Laozi of the Western Han Dynasty collected by Peking University,Silk Manuscript B,Silk Manuscript A,and the Bamboo Slips the Chu Tomb in Guodian,81%,75%,77%,and 62%of the words with the same pronunciation are connected to each other,and those with the same pronunciation are connected to each other;The qing(清)and zhuo(浊)words account for 19%,25%,23%,and 38%of the words that share the same pronunciation position;In the variant texts of the Bamboo Slips the Chu Tomb in Guodian,Silk Book A,and Silk Book B,the groups of Bang(帮)and Bang(帮),Fei(非)and Fei(非)are each connected,accounting for 84%,88%,and 93%of the Labial phonation interchangeability;Bang(帮)and Fei(非)group interchangeability account for 16%,12%,and 7%of Labial phonation interchangeability;In the variant editions of Laozi in the Western Han Dynasty collected by Peking University,Silk Manuscript B,Silk Manuscript A,and the Bamboo Slips the Chu Tomb in Guodian,34%,32%,48%,and39%of the total number of Duan(端)to Duan(端)and Zhi(知)to Zhi(知)groups are connected,and 6%,5%,11%,and 14%of the total number of Duan(端)to Zhi(知)groups are connected;In the examples of various editions of variant throat and lip sounds,except for one case where Xiao(晓)shared interchangeable characters with Bang(帮)in the Western Han Dynasty collected by Peking University,the other 10cases were all shared interchangeable characters with wei(微)and ming(明);Of the37 examples of interchangeable characters in which this Original character is Yu Si(喻四),27 are interchangeable with Yu Si(喻四);Of the 14 examples of interchangeable characters in which Original character is Yu San(喻三),10 are interchangeable with Yu San(喻三).There were 15 cases of adultery between the Jian(见)and Xia(匣),and12 cases of adultery between the Xie(邪)and Yu Si(喻四).These data indicate that from the middle and late Warring States period to the early Han Dynasty,The qing(清)and zhuo(浊)words in Chu dialect were partially mixed;Light lip sounds such as Fei(非),Fu(敷),and feng(奉)have appeared and gradually differentiated;The differentiation of supralingual sounds has also begun;The relationship between Xiao(晓)and Ming(明)wei(微),Jian(见)and Xia(匣),and between Xie(邪)and Yu Si(喻四)is very close;Yu San(喻三)and Yu Si(喻四)are already independent.In terms of vowels,the three categories of Yin(阴),Yang(阳),and Ru(入)are relatively common,with strong independence in entering rhymes;Yin(阴)rhyme Yu(鱼)and Ge(歌),Wei(微)and Ge(歌),xiao(宵)and you(幽),Hou(侯)and zhi(之);Yin(阴)rhyme is related to entering rhyme,Ge(歌)and Wu(物),Xiao(宵)and Jue(觉).Yang(阳)rhymes Dong(东)and Dong(冬),Zhen(真)and geng(耕),Zheng(蒸)and geng(耕),Zheng(蒸)and Qin(侵),are connected;In addition,the yang(阳)rhyme is connected with the yin(阴)rhyme Yuan(元)and Yu(鱼);There are also similarities between Ru(入)and Yang(阳)rhymes,such as Ji(缉)and Yue(月),Zhi(职)and Geng(耕).The phenomenon of the contra-turning,side-turning and tong-turning between these rhymes reflects the phonetic changes in Chu dialect from the late Warring States period to the early Han Dynasty.