The Influence Of Cognitive Expectation And Emotional Valence On The Aftereffect Of Prospective Memory Intentio

Recent research has found that prospective intentions may not decline or suppress immediately after completion,in which case the aftereffects arise.Aftereffects of prospective memory(AoPM)refers to the phenomena in which individuals maintain their original intentions after the completion or cancellation,thus interfering with the ongoing task or even repeating the original intentional behavior.As AoPM have a great impact on people’s life,work,and learning,it is of great theoretical and practical importance to further explore the factors influencing the AoPM and the processing mechanisms.The study used a commission-error paradigm and ERPs technique,Experiment 1,a two-factor mixed experimental design of 2(level of cognitive expectation expectancy: high,low)× 2(emotional valence:positive,negative)was adopted.45 subjects,aged from 20 to 22 years old,were recruited to explore explore the interaction between the level of cognitive expectancy and cognitive expectancy congruency on AoPM.Experiment 2 added the variable of cognitive expectancy congruency to this and used a 2(level of cognitive expectancy:high,low)× 2(cognitive expectancy congruency: cognitive expectancy satisfaction,cognitive expectancy violation)× 2(emotional valence: positive,negative)mixed design to explore the interaction between the level of cognitive expectancy and cognitive expectancy congruency on AoPM.A total of 89 subjects were recruited,ranging from 20 to 22 years old.To further investigate the effect of cognitive expectancy on AoPM,reward expectancy was introduced in Experiment 3,a 3(level of reward expectancy: high,low,and none)× 2(emotional valence: positive,negative)two-factor within-subjects design,with time and frequency domain results to propose countermeasures for reducing AoPM.A total of 31 subjects were recruited,ranging from 20 to 22 years old.The following conclusions were obtained: participants(1)were more likely to produce AoPM in the high cognitive expectancy condition;(2)produced more AoPM in the cognitive expectancy violation condition;(3)produced more AoPM in the no-reward expectancy condition;(4)the processing mechanism of AoPM was consistent with a combination of spontaneous extraction and controlled processing.In conclusion,the results of this study indicate that cognitive expectation can affect the production of AoPM,and the EEG results show that the difference in the influence of cognitive expectation on AoPM is mainly reflected in the retrieval of PM goals.This study provides experimental evidence for the influence of cognitive expectation on AoPM.